Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
What is the biological definition of a 'tissue'?
Answer
A group of similar cells performing a specific function.
Question
Several tissues together contributing to a specific function inside the body constitute an _____.
Answer
Organ
Question
What level of biological organisation is formed by several organs acting together to perform a specific life process?
Answer
An organ system.
Question
What are the two basic types of plant tissues based on their ability to divide?
Answer
Meristematic tissue and permanent tissue.
Question
Term: Meristematic tissue
Answer
Definition: Plant tissue composed of cells that can actively divide to produce new cells.
Question
Where is meristematic tissue typically found in a plant?
Answer
At all growing points, such as the tips of roots, stems, and branches.
Question
What is the typical shape of cells in meristematic tissue?
Answer
Cubical
Question
How do the vacuoles in meristematic cells compare to those in mature plant cells?
Answer
They are almost absent in meristematic cells.
Question
The meristematic tissue found at the tips of roots and stems is called _____ meristem.
Answer
Apical
Question
What is the primary function of the lateral meristem (cambium) in trees?
Answer
It increases the diameter of the stem.
Question
Which category of plant tissues consists of cells that have lost their ability to divide and have taken a permanent shape?
Answer
Permanent tissues.
Question
What are the three classifications of permanent plant tissues based on their function?
Answer
Protective, supporting, and conducting.
Question
Which permanent plant tissue is found on the surface of roots, stems, and leaves to provide protection?
Answer
Protective tissue.
Question
Identify an example of a protective tissue found in the bark of trees.
Answer
Cork cells
Question
Term: Simple Tissues
Answer
Definition: Tissues made up of only one type of cell, such as parenchyma, collenchyma, or sclerenchyma.
Question
Which supporting tissue is characterised by large, thin-walled cells and a single large vacuole?
Answer
Parenchyma
Question
What is the main function of parenchyma cells found in a potato?
Answer
Storage of food (starch).
Question
Concept: Chlorenchyma
Answer
Definition: Parenchyma cells containing chloroplasts that help the leaf produce food through photosynthesis.
Question
Where is the cell wall thickened in collenchyma cells?
Answer
At the corners.
Question
What is the primary function of collenchyma tissue in plant stalks?
Answer
To provide support to the parts of a plant.
Question
Which supporting tissue is composed of long, narrow dead cells with thick walls containing lignin?
Answer
Sclerenchyma
Question
The chemical substance deposited in the walls of sclerenchyma cells to provide strength is called _____.
Answer
Lignin
Question
Identify the two types of conducting (vascular) tissues in plants.
Answer
Xylem and phloem.
Question
Which plant tissue provides a passage for the upward movement of water and dissolved minerals?
Answer
Xylem
Question
How can the age of a tree be determined using xylem tissue?
Answer
By counting the annual rings, which are actually xylem rings.
Question
Xylem _____ are long tube-like structures with dissolved transverse walls that form a continuous water pipe.
Answer
Vessels (or tracheae)
Question
What is the role of xylem parenchyma cells?
Answer
Storage of food and assistance in the conduction of water and minerals.
Question
Which plant tissue is responsible for the downward movement of manufactured food from leaves?
Answer
Phloem
Question
Phloem _____ are made of elongated cells with perforated end walls called sieve plates.
Answer
Sieve tubes
Question
What is the function of companion cells in phloem tissue?
Answer
They help in the functioning of the sieve tube cells.
Question
Term: Complex Tissues
Answer
Definition: Tissues made of more than one type of cells working together as a unit, such as xylem and phloem.
Question
What are the four main kinds of animal tissues?
Answer
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural tissues.
Question
Which animal tissue forms a thin, protective continuous sheet of cells covering body surfaces and lining cavities?
Answer
Epithelial tissue
Question
Where is squamous epithelium typically found in the human body?
Answer
Lining the mouth, nasal cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels.
Question
What is the structural characteristic of stratified epithelium?
Answer
It is composed of several layers (strata) of epithelial cells.
Question
Where is cuboidal epithelium found in the body?
Answer
In parts of kidney tubules and some glandular ducts like salivary glands.
Question
Columnar epithelium containing thread-like protoplasmic projections is known as _____ columnar epithelium.
Answer
Ciliated
Question
What is the function of glandular epithelium?
Answer
To secrete chemical substances.
Question
In connective tissue, the abundant intercellular substance is called the _____.
Answer
Matrix
Question
Which connective tissue proper is found beneath the epidermis and helps skin withstand pulling strain?
Answer
Areolar (packing) tissue
Question
What is the primary function of adipose tissue?
Answer
Storage of fat and insulation for retaining body heat.
Question
Fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones is called a _____.
Answer
Tendon
Question
What is the function of a ligament?
Answer
To connect one bone to another bone.
Question
How does cartilage differ from bone in terms of structure?
Answer
Cartilage is a non-porous tissue, whereas bone is a hard porous tissue.
Question
Living bone cells are specifically called _____.
Answer
Osteoblasts
Question
What are the two types of fluid connective tissue?
Answer
Blood and lymph.
Question
Blood is composed of a liquid part called _____ and cellular parts including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
Answer
Plasma
Question
What is the primary difference between the composition of lymph and blood?
Answer
Lymph contains white blood cells but does not contain red blood cells.
Question
What are the three kinds of muscle tissue found in animals?
Answer
Striated, unstriated, and cardiac muscles.
Question
Which muscle type is under the control of the will and is found in the arms and legs?
Answer
Striated (skeletal or voluntary) muscle.
Question
Where are unstriated (smooth or involuntary) muscles typically located?
Answer
In the walls of the intestine, iris of the eye, and lining of blood vessels.
Question
What makes cardiac muscle unique compared to other involuntary muscles?
Answer
It is striated and branched, and it does not get tired.
Question
The specialised elongated cells that make up neural tissue are called _____.
Answer
Neurons
Question
What are the three main parts of a typical neuron?
Answer
A cell body (perikaryon/cyton), dendrites (dendrons), and an axon.
Question
In a neuron, which structure carries impulses away from the cell body?
Answer
The axon.
Question
Bundled axons held together form a _____.
Answer
Nerve
Question
What is the core function of neural tissue?
Answer
Perception and responses of animals.
Question
Why is xylem considered a complex tissue?
Answer
It consists of more than one type of cell (tracheids, vessels, and parenchyma) working together.
Question
Which supporting plant tissue is commonly found in the grit of pears and walnut shells?
Answer
Sclerenchyma (specifically stone cells).
Question
What is the term for the small hair-like projections on the epithelial lining of the windpipe?
Answer
Cilia