Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
According to the source, how is the term 'disease' defined?
Answer
A condition in which the normal functioning of the body is disturbed.
Question
On which date is World Health Day celebrated annually?
Answer
April 7.
Question
Disease classification based on _____ includes endemic, epidemic, pandemic, and sporadic.
Answer
Extent of occurrence.
Question
Define an 'endemic' disease.
Answer
A disease found in a certain area only, attacking a few people.
Question
Provide an example of an endemic disease found in sub-Himalayan regions.
Answer
Goitre.
Question
What is the definition of an 'epidemic' disease?
Answer
A disease that breaks out and spreads from place to place, affecting large numbers of people at the same time.
Question
Identify the specific epidemic that occurred in India in 1994.
Answer
Plague.
Question
Define a 'pandemic' disease.
Answer
A disease that is widely distributed worldwide.
Question
Give two examples of pandemic diseases mentioned in the text.
Answer
AIDS and COVID-19.
Question
What term is used for diseases where there are scattered individual cases?
Answer
Sporadic.
Question
Name two diseases that occur sporadically as mentioned in the source.
Answer
Malaria and cholera.
Question
Distinguish between non-communicable and communicable diseases based on the presence of germs.
Answer
Non-communicable diseases have no germs, while communicable diseases are caused by germs.
Question
List three examples of non-communicable (non-infectious) diseases.
Answer
Diabetes, colour blindness, and heart attack.
Question
What is the definition of a 'pathogen'?
Answer
A disease-causing organism.
Question
Define 'infection' in the context of disease transmission.
Answer
The transmission of pathogens from one person to another.
Question
What is the 'incubation period' of an infectious disease?
Answer
The period between the entry of germs and the appearance of the first symptoms.
Question
Beri-beri and night-blindness are examples of _____ diseases.
Answer
Nutritional deficiency.
Question
Categorise diabetes and hypothyroidism as a specific type of non-infectious disease.
Answer
Metabolic diseases.
Question
Haemophilia and Thalassemia are examples of _____ diseases.
Answer
Genetic.
Question
Identify the category of non-infectious diseases that includes arthritis and cataracts.
Answer
Degenerative (ageing) diseases.
Question
Define 'cancer' as it relates to cell division.
Answer
An abnormal multiplication of cells resulting from uncontrolled divisions.
Question
What is a 'carcinogen'?
Answer
Any agent that causes cancer.
Question
Why was cancer named after the crab?
Answer
Because it adheres to the body parts it seizes in an obstinate manner.
Question
Name the four main categories of pathogens listed in the text.
Answer
Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, and Helminths (worms).
Question
Identify the causative bacterium for Cholera.
Answer
$Vibrio$ $cholerae$.
Question
What is the primary mode of transmission for the cholera germ?
Answer
Contaminated food and water (faeco-oral route).
Question
List the main symptoms of Cholera.
Answer
Acute diarrhoea, vomiting, and dehydration.
Question
Identify the causative agent of Typhoid fever.
Answer
$Salmonella$ $typhi$.
Question
What is a characteristic physical symptom of Typhoid appearing on the body?
Answer
Reddish eruptions on the chest and abdomen.
Question
Name the effective antibiotic mentioned for treating Typhoid.
Answer
Chloromycetin.
Question
Identify the bacterium responsible for causing Tuberculosis (TB).
Answer
$Mycobacterium$ $tuberculosis$.
Question
How is Tuberculosis primarily spread from person to person?
Answer
Through air, dust, or the sputum of infected persons.
Question
What does the 'BCG' vaccination provide immunity against?
Answer
Tuberculosis (TB).
Question
On what date is anti-tuberculosis day observed?
Answer
March 24.
Question
What is the common name for the disease Tetanus?
Answer
Lockjaw.
Question
Identify the causative bacterium of Tetanus.
Answer
$Clostridium$ $tetani$.
Question
Which three diseases does the 'DPT' vaccine protect against?
Answer
Diphtheria, Whooping cough (pertussis), and Tetanus.
Question
Identify the causative protozoan for Malaria.
Answer
$Plasmodium$.
Question
What is the insect vector responsible for transmitting Malaria?
Answer
Female $Anopheles$ mosquito.
Question
In which two types of human cells does the malaria parasite multiply?
Answer
Liver cells and red blood cells.
Question
Identify the causative agent of Amoebic Dysentery (Amoebiasis).
Answer
$Entamoeba$ $histolytica$.
Question
Name the flagellated protozoan that causes Sleeping Sickness.
Answer
$Trypanosoma$ $brucei$.
Question
Which insect transmits the pathogens for Sleeping Sickness?
Answer
Tsetse fly.
Question
Ascariasis is caused by the common roundworm scientifically known as _____.
Answer
$Ascaris$ $lumbricoides$.
Question
Identify the primary way humans ingest the microscopic eggs of the $Ascaris$ worm.
Answer
Unwashed hands or unwashed raw vegetables.
Question
Taeniasis is caused by which type of parasitic worm?
Answer
Tapeworms (such as $Taenia$ $solium$).
Question
How is Taeniasis transmitted to humans?
Answer
Eating raw or imperfectly cooked pork or beef infected with larval stages.
Question
What is the alternate common name for the disease Filariasis?
Answer
Elephantiasis.
Question
Identify the filarial worm that causes Filariasis.
Answer
$Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$.
Question
Which specific mosquito genus transmits Filariasis?
Answer
$Culex$.
Question
What are the two primary chemical components of a virus?
Answer
Nucleic acids (RNA or DNA) and proteins.
Question
Identify a feature of viruses that supports their classification as 'living beings'.
Answer
They can multiply (reproduce) inside a host cell.
Question
Identify a feature of viruses that supports their classification as 'non-living beings'.
Answer
They can be crystallised and remain inactive for indefinite periods.
Question
On which date is World Rabies Day observed?
Answer
September 8.
Question
What does the abbreviation 'AIDS' stand for?
Answer
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.
Question
Identify the virus responsible for causing AIDS.
Answer
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
Question
Which system of the body is specifically attacked and paralysed by HIV?
Answer
The immune system.
Question
List the four specific methods of AIDS transmission mentioned in the source.
Answer
Sexual intercourse, contaminated blood transfusion, mother-to-child transmission, and shared unsterilised needles.
Question
On which date is World AIDS Day celebrated?
Answer
December 1.
Question
Which virus is the causative agent of Chicken pox?
Answer
$Varicella$ $zoster$.