Kingdom Animalia - Questions & Answers

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE

1. Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

(i) The animals (Kingdom Animalia) are mainly grouped under two categories
(a) bilaterally symmetrical and radially symmetrical
(b) coelomate and acoelomate
(c) aquatic and terrestrial
(d) vertebrates and invertebrates
(d) vertebrates and invertebrates

(ii) Which one of the following examples does not come under the particular group?
(a) Mushroom, yeast, fern— Fungi
(b) Paramecium, Euglena, sponge — Protista
(c) Starfish, Roaches, Dogfish — Pisces
(d) Bat, Parrot, Oyster— Vertebrates
(a) Mushroom, yeast, fern— Fungi

(iii) Which one of the following is an example of binomial scientific name?
(a) Green alga
(b) Snow leopard
(c) Rana tigrina
(d) China-rose
(c) Rana tigrina

(iv) Which one of the following is the correct statement about the respective animal(s)?
(a) Donkey and horse should be considered one single species because they can successfully mate and produce an offspring.
(b) Donkey and horse are two different genera.
(c) Mule is a separate species.
(d) Mule is neither a donkey nor a horse.
(d) Mule is neither a donkey nor a horse.

(v) Which of the following is the lowest category among the levels of classification?
(a) Class
(b) Family
(c) Order
(d) Genus
(d) Genus

(vi) Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms belong to :
(a) Protista
(b) Fungi
(c) Monera
(d) Both (a) and (c)
(c) Monera

(vii) Which of the following organisms is chlorophyllous?
(a) Penicillium
(b) Euglena
(c) Paramecium
(d) Toadstool
(b) Euglena

(viii) Which of the following belongs to class Pisces?
(a) Jellyfish
(b) Dogfish
(c) Silverfish
(d) Cuttlefish
(b) Dogfish

(ix) Identify the invertebrate phyla P and Q based on the characteristics given below :
Characteristics | Invertebrate Phyla
Usually have a skeleton of microscopic spicules or elastic spongin fibres. | P
Soft, round, cylindrical body with a false body cavity. | Q
(a) P — Porifera, Q — Cnidaria
(b) P — Cnidaria, Q — Platyhelminthes
(c) P — Porifera, Q — Nematoda
(d) P — Nematoda, Q — Cnidaria
(c) P — Porifera, Q — Nematoda

B. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. Who had introduced the binomial system of naming living beings?
Linnaeus (1707-1778) introduced the binomial system of naming living beings.

2. Which two characters out of (a)-(e) given below are common to dog, humans, squirrel, bat, camel and monkey?
(a) scales on the skin. (b) wings. (c) external ears. (d) give birth to young ones. (e) a functional tail.
(c) external ears and (d) give birth to young ones.

3. Match the items in Column I with as many as possible and even repeatedly from Column II.
Column I: 1. Pine, 2. Earthworm, 3. Bread mould, 4. Amoeba, 5. Moss, 6. Bacteria
Column II: (i) Fungi, (ii) Monera, (iii) Prokaryote, (iv) Gymnosperm, (v) Plantae, (vi) Animalia, (vii) Protista, (viii) Bryophyta
1. Pine — (iv) Gymnosperm, (v) Plantae
2. Earthworm — (vi) Animalia
3. Bread mould — (i) Fungi
4. Amoeba — (vii) Protista
5. Moss — (v) Plantae, (viii) Bryophyta
6. Bacteria — (ii) Monera, (iii) Prokaryote

4. What are the group names for the following categories of animals?
(a) Animals with a backbone Vertebrates (Chordata)
(b) Animals with a hairy skin Mammalia
(c) Animals with three pairs of legs Insecta
(d) Animals with feathers Aves

5. Which ones of the following animals are invertebrates? Housefly, silverfish, trout, jellyfish, whale, penguin, lizard and sponge.
Housefly, silverfish, jellyfish, and sponge are invertebrates.

6. Name three animals (belonging to different classes) which breathe by means of lungs but have no external ears (pinnae).
Frog (Amphibia), Lizard (Reptilia), and Pigeon (Aves).

7. Given below is a list of ten animals each followed by three terms or features. Underline the term which does not match with the animal.
(i) Amoeba — Nucleus, tentacle, food vacuole.
(ii) Hydra — Invertebrata, Cnidaria, Crustacea.
(iii) Fish — Gills, paired fins, ear drum.
(iv) Earthworm — Invertebrata, Annelida, Insecta.
(v) Grasshopper — Wings, trachea, proboscis.
(vi) Butterfly — Insecta, Invertebrata, Mollusca.
(vii) Whale — Gills, mammary glands, fat under the skin.
(viii) Pigeon — Feathers, wings, hair.
(ix) Monkey — External ear, sweat glands, lateral line.
(x) Bat — Aves, Mammalia, Chordata.

C. SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. Name these :
(a) Five kingdoms under the recent scheme of classification.
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
(b) Eight phyla of Invertebrates.
Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Echinodermata.
(c) Five classes of Chordata.
Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia.
(d) Two types of fishes on the basis of their skeletons.
Cartilaginous fishes and Bony fishes.

2. Define the terms :
(a) Species
An organism of a particular kind whose members can interbreed among themselves to produce fertile young ones.
(b) Clitellum
A short cylindrical band of thick glandular skin in earthworms which serves in reproduction.
(c) Moulting
The casting off and regrowing of the exoskeleton during growth in arthropods.
(d) Diaphragm
A muscular partition separating the thorax and abdomen internally in mammals.
(e) Nocturnal animals
Animals that are active and feed or mate during the night, like earthworms.

3. Write the specific location and function of :
(a) Microscopic spicules or elastic spongin fibre.
Location: In the body of sponges (Porifera). Function: Provide a skeletal framework for support and protection.
(b) Tentacles
Location: Surrounding the mouth of cnidarians (like Hydra). Function: To catch food organisms.
(c) Parapodium
Location: On the body segments of some annelids like Nereis. Function: Helps in locomotion.
(d) Fins
Location: On the body of fishes (Pisces). Function: Used for locomotion in water.
(e) Feathers
Location: Covering the body of birds (Aves). Function: Form an exoskeleton, facilitate flight, and help in retaining body heat.

4. Rearrange the following categories of classification in their proper sequence starting with the highest: species, family, genus, class, order, phylum.
Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

5. Match the names of animal groups in Column I with the names of animals in Column II.
Column I (Group): Annelida, Porifera, Mollusca, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces, Mammal
Column II (Animal): Pigeon, Snake, Earthworm, Sponge, Octopus, Trout, Rabbit
Which names are left out that do not match and why?
Matches:
Annelida — Earthworm
Porifera — Sponge
Mollusca — Octopus
Reptilia — Snake
Pisces — Trout
Mammal — Rabbit

Left out names and why:
'Amphibia' (from Column I) is left out because there is no amphibian given in Column II.
'Pigeon' (from Column II) is left out because its corresponding class 'Aves' is not present in Column I.

6. Why are scientific names of living beings considered better than their common names?
Common names are variable and can be highly confusing as they differ from one region to another. Scientific names (binomial nomenclature) are universally accepted, standardizing the naming process globally so that each organism has a single, unique identity composed of its genus and species.

7. Mention any two drawbacks in classifying organisms under the old two kingdom classification.
1. Bacteria cannot be classified as plants because they are prokaryotic.
2. Fungi do not fit into the plant kingdom as they lack chlorophyll, roots, stem, and leaves.

8. All humans on earth today may differ widely in their facial features, colour, height, etc. Yet, they belong to a single species Homo sapiens. Give one reason why they are not considered belonging to different species.
Despite visible physical differences, all humans can normally interbreed among themselves to produce fertile young ones, which classifies them as a single species.

9. Give any one difference between each of the following :
(a) Insecta and Arachnida
Insects have bodies divided into head, thorax, and abdomen with three pairs of legs. Arachnids have the head and thorax fused and possess four pairs of legs.
(b) Flatworm and Roundworm
Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) have a flat, unsegmented body with no body cavity (acoelomate), while Roundworms (Nematoda) have a cylindrical body with a false body cavity (pseudocoelomate).

10. Mention any one major similarity and one major difference in the following pairs of animals :
(a) insects and birds
Similarity: Both possess wings and can fly. Difference: Insects have an exoskeleton made of chitin, while birds have an endoskeleton made of bones and an exoskeleton of feathers.
(b) whales and fishes
Similarity: Both are entirely adapted to an aquatic mode of life. Difference: Whales are mammals that breathe through lungs and are warm-blooded, whereas fishes breathe through gills and are cold-blooded.
(c) snakes and earthworms
Similarity: Both have a long, limbless, elongated body structure. Difference: Snakes are vertebrates (Reptilia), whereas earthworms are invertebrates (Annelida).
(d) bat and pigeon
Similarity: Both are adapted for flight in the air. Difference: Bats are mammals that have hair and give birth to young ones, while pigeons are birds with feathers that lay eggs.
(e) cuttlefish and dogfish
Similarity: Both are marine aquatic animals. Difference: Cuttlefish is a soft-bodied invertebrate (Mollusca), whereas dogfish is a vertebrate (Pisces - a cartilaginous fish).
(f) wall lizard and frog
Similarity: Both are cold-blooded vertebrates. Difference: A wall lizard is a reptile with dry, scaly skin that lays eggs on land, whereas a frog is an amphibian with moist, scaleless skin that lays eggs in water.

D. LONG ANSWER TYPE

1. Distinguish between the following pairs :
(a) Invertebrates and vertebrates.
Invertebrates lack an internal skeleton and backbone; if a heart is present, it is on the dorsal side, and they have a solid ventral nerve cord. Vertebrates possess an internal skeleton and backbone, a heart on the ventral side, and a hollow dorsal nerve cord.
(b) Ectothermal and Homeothermal animals
Ectothermal (cold-blooded) animals have a body temperature that fluctuates directly with the temperature of the environment. Homeothermal (warm-blooded) animals maintain an almost constant body temperature irrespective of environmental changes.
(c) Monera and Protista.
Kingdom Monera consists of unicellular and prokaryotic organisms with no organized nucleus (e.g., Bacteria). Kingdom Protista includes mostly unicellular, eukaryotic organisms with a well-defined nuclear membrane (e.g., Amoeba).
(d) Roundworms and Ringed worms
Roundworms (Nematoda) have a soft, cylindrical body with a false body cavity. Ringed worms (Annelida) have a cylindrical body divided into ring-like segments and possess a true body cavity (coelom).

2. Explain the meaning of the terms cold-blooded and warm-blooded (homeothermal).
Cold-blooded (poikilothermal) animals are those whose body temperature fluctuates based on the temperature of their surrounding environment. Warm-blooded (homeothermal) animals are capable of maintaining a nearly constant, relatively high body temperature regardless of the outside temperature.

3. A whale lives in water like a fish, but it is classified under Kingdom Animalia, Class Mammalia and not under fishes. Based on the characteristics of animal groups, justify this classification with at least two reasons.
1. Whales give birth to living young ones and nourish them by means of mammary glands, unlike fishes which generally lay eggs.
2. Whales breathe atmospheric air by means of lungs and are warm-blooded, whereas fishes breathe dissolved oxygen through gills and are cold-blooded.

4. Birds belong to Kingdom Animalia and are able to fly because of special body features such as wings, hollow bones and streamlined bodies. Think of how low bone density and streamlined shape of birds help in aerodynamics and link these biological adaptations with the Physics concepts of gravity and air resistance.
Low bone density (hollow bones) reduces the overall mass of the bird, which in turn reduces the gravitational force acting downwards, making it easier for the bird to achieve and maintain lift. A streamlined body shape significantly reduces air resistance (fluid friction or drag) as the bird moves forward, allowing for aerodynamically efficient flight with less energy expenditure.

E. STRUCTURED/APPLICATION/SKILL TYPE

1. Look at the figure given alongside and answer the question that follow : (Peacock)
(a) Mention the kingdom, phylum and class to which the organism belongs.
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves.
(b) Write any two significant characteristics of the organisms belonging to the class mentioned in (i).
1. The body is covered with feathers and their forelimbs are modified into wings for flying.
2. They are warm-blooded and possess a four-chambered heart.
(c) Mention two key features of the phylum mentioned in (i) and write the names of the five classes that it has been divided into.
Key features of Phylum Chordata: They possess a notochord or vertebral column, and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord.
The five classes are: Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia.

2. The figures shown below represent animals of one phylum. (Hydra, Coral, Jellyfish, Sea Anemone)
(a) Mention the phylum to which the above animals belong.
Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata).
(b) Write the habitat of these animals.
They are aquatic, mostly found in marine environments (sea), with very few found in freshwater.
(c) Identify the animals (A, B, C and D).
(A) Hydra, (B) Corals, (C) Jellyfish, (D) Sea Anemone.
(d) Name the cavity enclosed by the two - layered body wall.
Coelenteron.
(e) Name the locomotory structure shown in the figures.
Tentacles.

3. Given below is the figure of an animal. Read the information below the figure and answer the following questions. (Frog)
(a) Name the phylum and class to which this animal belongs.
Phylum: Chordata, Class: Amphibia.
(b) Name the breathing structure of this animal during its larval and adult stages.
During its larval stage, it breathes by means of gills. During its adult stage, it breathes by means of lungs.
(c) Name the structure shown by (A) and write its function.
Structure (A) is the Mouth. Its function is to ingest food.
(d) Label the guidelines (B) and (C) shown in the figure.
(B) Forelimb, (C) Hindlimb.
(e) Is this animal cold-blooded or warm-blooded?
Cold-blooded.

F. ASSERTION - REASON TYPE QUESTIONS:

(Choose the answer based on the codes given below.)
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

(i) Assertion (A) : Monerans and Protists are similar with respect to their number of cells. Both are unicellular.
Reason (R) : They differ with respect to their nuclei. Monerans are prokaryotic and protists are eukaryotic.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Assertion (A) : Gymnosperms are non-flowering plants which bear naked seeds.
Reason (R) : Gymnosperms bear seeds in cones which are not enclosed in fruits.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(iii) Assertion (A) : Jungle crow and house crow cannot breed among themselves as both belong to different species.
Reason (R) : They can interbreed among themselves as both are crows and only their habitat is different.
(c) A is true but R is false.

(iv) Assertion (A) : Ostia are the openings in the body wall of sponges through which water enters inside the body.
Reason (R) : Osculum is a mouth-like structure on the top of the sponge's body through which water is thrown out.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(v) Assertion (A) : Clitellum is the glandular skin which surrounds the body of an earthworm at its posterior end.
(d) A is false but R is true. (Note: Based on standard logic for this question format, as the Clitellum is located at the anterior/front end, not the posterior end. The text for Reason (R) is cut off in the source scan.)