Health Organisations - Questions & Answers
Progress Check
1. In which year was WHO established ?
Answer: WHO was established in 1948.
2. Name the world organisations concerned with the following :
(i) Campaigning for control of endemic goitre
(ii) Supplying food and other facilities to children in schools
Answer:
(i) WHO (World Health Organisation) – It organises campaigns for the control of epidemic and endemic diseases.
(ii) Red Cross – It looks after maternal and child welfare centres.
Review Questions A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE
1. Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(i) The alphabet 'C' in NICD stands for :
(a) Cancer (b) Community (c) Communicable (d) Campaign
Answer: (c) Communicable
(ii) WHO headquarters are located in :
(a) Paris (b) Berlin (c) Geneva (d) New York
Answer: (c) Geneva
(iii) Red cross day is celebrated on :
(a) December 1 (b) April 7 (c) May 8 (d) July 1
Answer: (c) May 8
(iv) Which of the following city has the regional office of WHO ?
(a) Mumbai (b) Delhi (c) Chennai (d) Kolkata
Answer: (b) Delhi
(v) Which of the following is not a water-borne disease ?
(a) Diarrhoea (b) Typhoid (c) Gastroenteritis (d) Diabetes
Answer: (d) Diabetes
B. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE
1. Name these :
(a) Five main types of habitations in India
Answer: Big cities, Small towns, Villages, Remote areas, and Slum-dwellings.
(b) Two major categories of health problems in India
Answer: Food and water-borne diseases, and Insect and air-borne diseases.
(c) Four water-borne diseases of humans
Answer: Diarrhoea, Gastroenteritis, Typhoid, and Dysentery.
(d) Four insect-borne diseases of humans
Answer: Malaria, Dengue, Plague, and Yellow fever.
(e) Two important International bodies concerned with people's health
Answer: Red Cross and WHO (World Health Organisation).
2. What do the following abbreviations stand for ?
(a) WHO (b) UNO (c) NICD
Answer:
(a) WHO: World Health Organisation
(b) UNO: United Nations Organisation
(c) NICD: National Institute of Communicable Diseases
3. Match the activities in Column I with the respective organisation in Column II (there can be one or more than one activity).
Column I (Activity)
(i) To extend relief to victims of earthquake
(ii) To lay pharmaceutical standards for important drugs
(iii) Arranging ambulance in emergencies
(iv) To suggest quarantine measures
(v) Training of midwives
(vi) Procuring and supplying blood for transfusion.
Column II (Organisation)
(A) Red Cross
(B) WHO
Answer:
(i) To extend relief to victims of earthquake — (A) Red Cross
(ii) To lay pharmaceutical standards for important drugs — (B) WHO
(iii) Arranging ambulance in emergencies — (A) Red Cross
(iv) To suggest quarantine measures — (B) WHO
(v) Training of midwives — (A) Red Cross
(vi) Procuring and supplying blood for transfusion — (A) Red Cross
C. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
1. List any three health problems in India.
Answer:
1. Water-borne diseases like diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, and typhoid due to deficient or contaminated water supply.
2. Health issues caused by harmful mineral contents in water obtained through wells or hand-pumps.
3. Insect and air-borne diseases caused by the breeding of houseflies and mosquitoes due to lack of general cleanliness.
2. State the main functions of Red Cross.
Answer:
1. To extend relief and help to victims of any calamity like flood, fire, famine, earthquakes, etc.
2. To procure and supply blood for the needy victims of war or other calamities.
3. To extend all possible first-aid treatments in any accident and educate people in accident prevention.
4. To arrange for ambulance service in all emergencies.
5. To look after maternal and child welfare centres and engage in training midwives.
3. State the main functions of World Health Organisation.
Answer:
1. To collect and supply information about the occurrence of epidemic diseases (such as cholera, typhoid, yellow fever, etc.).
2. To promote and support projects for research on diseases such as cancer.
3. To supply information on the latest developments about the use of vaccines and the health hazards of nuclear radiation.
4. To suggest quarantine measures (isolation of patient) to prevent the spread of disease to others.
5. To lay pharmaceutical standards for important drugs, to ensure purity and size of the dose.
6. To organise campaigns for the control of epidemic (widespread) and endemic (local) diseases.
D. LONG ANSWER TYPE
1. Describe the reasons for the formation of WHO.
Answer: Member countries of the UNO focused on the need for creating an international body to look after the health problems of the people of the world. This was particularly felt in the field of research on the causes and cures of diseases so that combined efforts could yield better and faster results. Furthermore, WHO was established so that the poor and developing countries would be able to benefit quickly from these medical advancements.
Competency Focussed Questions E. ASSERTION – REASON TYPE QUESTIONS:
(Choose the answer based on the codes given below.)
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
(i) Assertion (A) : Untreated sewage or effluents from industries poured into rivers harm the people living nearby the rivers.
Reason (R) : Sewage becomes a suitable medium for microbes and insects to flourish which can cause many waterborne diseases.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(ii) Assertion (A) : Red cross is a national as well as an international agency. Its main role is to extend relief and help to the victims of any calamity - flood, fire, famine, etc.
Reason (R) : The emblem of red cross society is a white coloured cross painted on a red background.
Answer: (c) A is true but R is false. (Reason is false because the emblem is a red-coloured cross painted on a white background, not vice-versa).
(iii) Assertion (A) : WHO is an older international body than red cross.
Reason (R) : WHO was established in 1948 and red cross society in 1864.
Answer: (d) A is false but R is true. (Assertion is false as the Red Cross is older than WHO).
F. CASE STUDY BASED QUESTION
1. During a heatwave in her city, Nishi noticed a group of volunteers setting up a first-aid and drinking water camp near a busy bus stop. Her mother explained that they were from the Red cross society, an organization that helps people during emergencies. Later that week, Nishi saw the same volunteers collecting blood for a donation drive and providing basic medical help to elderly people in the neighbourhood. She realized that the Red Cross steps in during disasters, health emergencies and community needs.
(a) Which of these international bodies (Red cross/WHO) concerned with people's health, is older?
Answer: The Red Cross is older. It was formally founded in 1864, while WHO was established in 1948.
(b) Write about the emblem of Red Cross Society and draw it.
Answer: The emblem of the Red Cross Society is a red-coloured cross painted on a white background. (A plus-shaped cross painted in solid red on a white canvas).
(c) Mention two functions of Red cross which are not given in the above paragraph.
Answer:
1. To arrange for ambulance services in all emergencies.
2. To look after maternal and child welfare centres, and engage in training midwives.
(d) Which city of India has a regional office of WHO ?
Answer: Delhi has a regional office of WHO.
(e) Write two main functions of WHO.
Answer:
1. To collect and supply information about the occurrence of epidemic diseases (such as cholera, plague, typhoid, yellow fever, small pox, etc.).
2. To suggest quarantine measures (isolation of patient) to prevent the spread of disease to others.