Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
What are the six main purposes served by the human skeleton?
Answer
Support and shape, protection, movement, leverage, blood cell formation, and mineral storage.
Question
The skeleton provides a framework for soft parts and gives the body a definite _____.
Answer
Shape
Question
Which constituent of the skeleton is tough, flexible, and supports structures like the external ear?
Answer
Cartilage
Question
What is the primary function of ligaments in the skeletal system?
Answer
They bind bones together at joints.
Question
Which skeletal structure protects the spinal cord?
Answer
The vertebral column (backbone).
Question
Bones and joints act as _____ to increase the speed and distance of movement by muscles.
Answer
Levers
Question
In which specific tissue are red and white blood cells formed?
Answer
Bone marrow.
Question
Which two minerals are primarily stored within the bones?
Answer
Calcium ($Ca$) and phosphorus ($P$).
Question
Approximately what fraction of bone substance is composed of inorganic material?
Answer
$\frac{2}{3}$
Question
What is the result of placing a bone in weak hydrochloric acid ($HCl$)?
Answer
The bone becomes decalcified, soft, and flexible.
Question
What remains after a bone is strongly heated until its organic matter is destroyed?
Answer
Bone ash (the mineral part), which is brittle and breaks easily.
Question
Bone cells are technically known as _____.
Answer
Osteocytes
Question
What is the name of the membrane that covers the external surface of a bone?
Answer
Periosteum
Question
What is the primary content and function of yellow marrow?
Answer
It consists of adipose tissue and stores fat.
Question
Where is red marrow located in a long bone?
Answer
At the ends of the bone.
Question
Name the four classifications of bones based on their shape.
Answer
Long, short, flat, and irregular bones.
Question
Give an example of a flat bone.
Answer
The shoulder blade (scapula), skull, or sternum.
Question
How many bones are typically found in the adult human skeleton?
Answer
206
Question
Which division of the skeleton includes the central framework of the body?
Answer
The axial skeleton.
Question
What are the two main divisions of the human skeleton?
Answer
Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.
Question
How many bones make up the cranium (brain-box)?
Answer
8
Question
The facial region of the skull is composed of _____ bones.
Answer
14
Question
Name the large hole at the back of the cranium through which the spinal cord passes.
Answer
Foramen magnum
Question
What is the function of the hyoid bone located in the neck?
Answer
It provides support to the tongue during speech and swallowing.
Question
The individual ring-like bones that make up the vertebral column are called _____.
Answer
Vertebrae
Question
How many cervical vertebrae are found in the neck region?
Answer
7
Question
The five vertebrae in the lower back region are known as the _____ vertebrae.
Answer
Lumbar
Question
What is the sacrum composed of?
Answer
Five fused vertebrae.
Question
Which part of the vertebral column represents the rudimentary tail in humans?
Answer
The coccyx.
Question
In a vertebra, what is the lower solid cylinder part called?
Answer
Centrum (or body of vertebra).
Question
What structure runs through the neural canal of the vertebrae?
Answer
The spinal cord.
Question
The pad of cartilage between two vertebrae is called the _____.
Answer
Intervertebral disc (or gristle).
Question
What are the specific names of the first and second cervical vertebrae?
Answer
The atlas and the axis.
Question
How many pairs of ribs are there in the human body?
Answer
12 pairs.
Question
Why are the first seven pairs of ribs called 'true ribs'?
Answer
They are attached directly to the sternum in front.
Question
Which pairs of ribs are classified as 'floating ribs'?
Answer
The 11th and 12th pairs.
Question
The flat bone lying in the middle of the front part of the chest is the _____.
Answer
Sternum (breast-bone).
Question
What is the name of the single long bone in the upper arm?
Answer
Humerus
Question
Which bone of the lower arm is located on the side of the thumb?
Answer
Radius
Question
How many carpals (wrist bones) are found in one hand?
Answer
8
Question
The bones forming the palm of the hand are the _____.
Answer
Metacarpals
Question
How many phalanges are found in a single human hand?
Answer
14
Question
What is the longest and strongest bone in the human body?
Answer
Femur (thigh bone).
Question
The two bones of the shank (lower leg) are the _____ and the _____.
Answer
Tibia and fibula.
Question
How many tarsal bones are in the ankle?
Answer
7
Question
What is the technical name for the knee-cap?
Answer
Patella
Question
Which girdle consists of the scapula and the clavicle?
Answer
The shoulder (or pectoral) girdle.
Question
The cup-shaped cavity in the shoulder blade that fits the head of the humerus is the _____.
Answer
Glenoid cavity
Question
Each hip bone is made up of which three fused bones?
Answer
Ilium, ischium, and pubis.
Question
What is the name of the socket in the hip girdle that fits the head of the femur?
Answer
Acetabulum
Question
How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis?
Answer
It is wider and trough-shaped to accommodate a foetus during pregnancy.
Question
What is the point called where two separate bones meet?
Answer
A joint.
Question
Give an example of an immovable joint.
Answer
Sutures between the bones of the cranium.
Question
Where can partially movable joints be found in the human body?
Answer
Between the ribs and sternum, or between vertebrae.
Question
What type of freely movable joint is found in the wrist and ankle?
Answer
Gliding joint.
Question
The joint between the humerus and the ulna is an example of a _____ joint.
Answer
Hinge
Question
Which type of joint allows for rotation, such as the skull on the axis vertebra?
Answer
Pivot joint.
Question
The hip and shoulder joints are examples of _____ joints.
Answer
Ball and socket
Question
What is the name of the lubricating fluid found in freely movable joints?
Answer
Synovial fluid.
Question
The fibrous connective tissue that holds bones in position at a synovial joint is the _____.
Answer
Ligament