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Multiple Choice Questions - Test your understanding with these MCQs. Click "Show Answer" to reveal the correct answer.

Question 1Which branch of government is responsible for implementing the laws made by the Legislature?

Correct Answer: Executive

Question 2Who are the members of the Union Executive in India?

Correct Answer: President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers

Question 3Who is considered the 'nominal head' of the Indian State?

Correct Answer: The President

Question 4In the Indian government, who exercises the real executive powers?

Correct Answer: The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers

Question 5What is the minimum age required to contest for the election of the President of India?

Correct Answer: 35 years

Question 6To be eligible as President, a person must have the qualifications necessary to be a member of which house?

Correct Answer: Lok Sabha

Question 7The President of India is elected through which process?

Correct Answer: Indirect election by an Electoral College

Question 8Which of the following is NOT a member of the Electoral College that elects the President?

Correct Answer: Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha

Question 9What is the term of office for the President of India?

Correct Answer: 5 years

Question 10To whom does the President address his/her resignation letter?

Correct Answer: The Vice-President

Question 11By what process can the President be removed from office for violating the Constitution?

Correct Answer: Impeachment

Question 12What majority is required in a House of Parliament to pass a resolution for the impeachment of the President?

Correct Answer: Two-thirds majority

Question 13What is the name of the official rent-free residence of the President of India?

Correct Answer: Rashtrapati Bhawan

Question 14In whose name are all executive orders of the Union Government issued?

Correct Answer: The President

Question 15Who appoints the leader of the majority party as the Prime Minister?

Correct Answer: The President

Question 16Which official does the President NOT appoint?

Correct Answer: Chief Ministers of States

Question 17Who is the Chief Commander of the Armed Forces in India?

Correct Answer: The President

Question 18The President has the power to summon and prorogue both Houses of Parliament and to dissolve which of the following?

Correct Answer: Lok Sabha

Question 19How many members does the President nominate to the Rajya Sabha?

Correct Answer: 12

Question 20What must happen for a bill to become a law in India?

Correct Answer: It must receive the assent of the President

Question 21In which type of bill can the President NOT withhold his/her assent?

Correct Answer: Money-bill

Question 22What executive order can the President issue when Parliament is not in session?

Correct Answer: Ordinance

Question 23A money-bill can only be introduced in Parliament on the recommendation of whom?

Correct Answer: President

Question 24From which fund can the President authorize withdrawal of money in advance to meet unforeseen expenditure?

Correct Answer: Contingency Fund of India

Question 25How often does the President appoint a Finance Commission?

Correct Answer: Every 5 years

Question 26Which power allows the President to change a death sentence or grant pardon?

Correct Answer: Judicial Power

Question 27Is the President answerable to any Court of Law for the exercise of his/her duties?

Correct Answer: No, he/she is not answerable

Question 28Who represents India at international conferences and conducts international treaties in their name?

Correct Answer: The President

Question 29Under what circumstance can a 'National' or 'General' Emergency be declared?

Correct Answer: Threat by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion

Question 30What type of emergency is declared if the financial stability of the country is threatened?

Correct Answer: Financial Emergency

Question 31Who is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?

Correct Answer: The Vice-President

Question 32What are the qualifications for the Vice-President compared to the President?

Correct Answer: Same, but must be qualified for Rajya Sabha membership

Question 33If the President dies or resigns, who officiates as the President until a new one is elected?

Correct Answer: The Vice-President

Question 34Who is the 'real executive head' in the Indian parliamentary system?

Correct Answer: The Prime Minister

Question 35The Prime Minister must be the leader of the majority party in which house?

Correct Answer: Lok Sabha

Question 36In a situation where no party gets an absolute majority, what can the President exercise while appointing a Prime Minister?

Correct Answer: Discretionary power

Question 37Who acts as the primary link between the Council of Ministers and the President?

Correct Answer: The Prime Minister

Question 38Who distributes portfolios (departments) among the various ministers?

Correct Answer: The Prime Minister

Question 39Who presides over the meetings of the Cabinet?

Correct Answer: The Prime Minister

Question 40Which official is described as the 'pivot around which the entire constitutional machinery runs'?

Correct Answer: The Prime Minister

Question 41To which body is the Council of Ministers collectively responsible?

Correct Answer: The Lok Sabha

Question 42Who forms the 'nucleus' of the administration and holds the most important portfolios?

Correct Answer: The Cabinet

Question 43Which body is responsible for making external and internal policies like defense and health projects?

Correct Answer: The Cabinet

Question 44Who prepares the President’s Special Address to the Parliament?

Correct Answer: The Cabinet

Question 45The President acts on the advice of the Cabinet while issuing what?

Correct Answer: An Ordinance

Question 46Which of these is a qualification for becoming the President of India?

Correct Answer: Be a citizen of India

Question 47Which group does NOT form part of the Union Executive?

Correct Answer: Governors of States

Question 48Who chooses the ambassadors of the country?

Correct Answer: The President on the recommendation of the Cabinet

Question 49What happens if a bill is passed by both Houses again after the President has returned it?

Correct Answer: The President must give assent

Question 50The 'Breakdown of Constitutional machinery' refers to which type of emergency?

Correct Answer: State Emergency (President's Rule)
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True or False Questions - Determine whether each statement is true or false. Click "Show Answer" to reveal the correct answer.

Statement 1The Executive branch of government is responsible for making laws.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 2The Union Executive consists of the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 3The Governor is a part of the State Executive.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 4The President of India is the real executive head of the country.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 5The President is the head of the State.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 6Real executive powers are exercised by the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 7A person must be at least 30 years old to contest for the office of the President.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 8The President of India must be a citizen of India.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 9To be President, one must have the qualifications to be a member of the Lok Sabha.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 10The President can hold an office of profit under the Government of India.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 11The President of India is directly elected by the citizens.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 12The Electoral College for the President includes elected members of both Houses of Parliament.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 13Elected members of State Legislative Assemblies participate in the Presidential election.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 14The elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of Delhi and Puducherry are part of the Electoral College.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 15The President is elected for a term of six years.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 16A President is eligible for re-election in India.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 17The President can resign by writing a letter to the Prime Minister.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 18The process to remove the President for violating the Constitution is called impeachment.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 19An impeachment resolution can be moved in any of the Houses of Parliament.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 20A simple majority is sufficient to pass an impeachment resolution.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 21The President lives in the Rashtrapati Bhawan in New Delhi.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 22The President receives a pension after their term expires.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 23All executive orders of the Union are issued in the name of the President.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 24The President appoints the leader of the majority party as the Prime Minister.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 25The President appoints other ministers without the advice of the Prime Minister.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 26The Attorney-General of India is appointed by the President.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 27The Comptroller and Auditor-General is appointed by the Chief Justice.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 28The President appoints the Governors of the States.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 29The President can remove high-ranking officials like Judges of the Supreme Court.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 30The administration of Union Territories is under the Prime Minister.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 31The President is the Chief Commander of the Armed Forces.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 32The President appoints the Chiefs of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 33The President has the power to declare war.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 34Only the Prime Minister can make peace treaties.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 35The President can summon both Houses of Parliament.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 36The President has no power to dissolve the Lok Sabha.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 37The President nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 38Rajya Sabha nominations are based on special knowledge in fields like science and art.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 39A bill becomes a law even without the President's assent.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 40The President must give assent if a bill is passed again by both Houses after reconsideration.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 41The President can withhold assent to a money-bill.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 42An Ordinance is issued when Parliament is not in session.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 43The President can withdraw an Ordinance at any time.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 44Money-bills can be introduced without the President's recommendation.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 45The Contingency Fund of India is used to meet unforeseen expenditure.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 46The Finance Commission is appointed every ten years.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 47The President has the power to grant pardon.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 48The President can change a death sentence.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 49The President is answerable to a Court of Law for the exercise of their duties.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 50All international treaties are conducted in the name of the President.

Correct Answer: True
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Fill in the Blanks - Complete the sentences by filling in the missing words. Click "Show Answer" to check your response.

Question 1The ______ is the branch of Government which implements the laws made by the Legislature.

Correct Answer: Executive

Question 2The Union Executive comprises the President, the Vice-President, the Prime Minister and the ______.

Correct Answer: Council of Ministers

Question 3The State Executive consists of the Governor, the ______ together with the Council of Ministers.

Correct Answer: Chief Minister

Question 4The President is the head of the State, but he/she is only a ______ head.

Correct Answer: nominal

Question 5The real executive powers are exercised by the ______ in consultation with the Council of Ministers.

Correct Answer: Prime Minister

Question 6To contest for election to become the President of India, one must be a ______ of India.

Correct Answer: citizen

Question 7A candidate for the Presidency must have completed the age of ______ years.

Correct Answer: 35

Question 8The President must have the qualifications necessary to be a member of the ______.

Correct Answer: Lok Sabha

Question 9The President must not hold any ______ under the government of India.

Correct Answer: office of profit

Question 10The President of India is indirectly elected by an ______.

Correct Answer: Electoral college

Question 11The Electoral College includes elected members of both the Houses of the ______.

Correct Answer: Parliament

Question 12The elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of ______ and Puducherry participate in the Presidential election.

Correct Answer: Delhi

Question 13The President is elected for a period of ______ years.

Correct Answer: 5

Question 14The President can resign from office by writing to the ______.

Correct Answer: Vice-President

Question 15The process of removing a President for violating the Constitution is called ______.

Correct Answer: impeachment

Question 16An impeachment resolution must be passed by a ______ majority of the House.

Correct Answer: two-thirds

Question 17The official rent-free residence of the President is known as the ______.

Correct Answer: Rashtrapati Bhawan

Question 18All ______ orders of the Union are issued in the name of the President.

Correct Answer: executive

Question 19The President appoints the leader of the ______ party as the Prime Minister.

Correct Answer: majority

Question 20The President appoints the ______ of India, who is the top legal advisor to the government.

Correct Answer: Attorney-General

Question 21The President appoints the ______ and Auditor-General of India.

Correct Answer: Comptroller

Question 22Members of the ______ Public Service Commission are appointed by the President.

Correct Answer: Union

Question 23The President appoints the ______ of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.

Correct Answer: judges

Question 24The administration of the ______ is directly under the President.

Correct Answer: Union Territories

Question 25The President is the Chief ______ of the Armed Forces.

Correct Answer: Commander

Question 26The President appoints the Chiefs of the Army, Navy and the ______.

Correct Answer: Air Force

Question 27The President has the power to summon and ______ both Houses of Parliament.

Correct Answer: prorogue

Question 28The President has the power to dissolve the ______.

Correct Answer: Lok Sabha

Question 29The President nominates ______ members to the Rajya Sabha.

Correct Answer: 12

Question 30Members are nominated to the Rajya Sabha for their special knowledge in art, literature, science and ______.

Correct Answer: social service

Question 31A bill becomes a law only after it receives the ______ of the President.

Correct Answer: assent

Question 32In the case of a ______, the President cannot withhold his/her assent.

Correct Answer: money-bill

Question 33The President has the power to issue an ______ when Parliament is not in session.

Correct Answer: Ordinance

Question 34Money-bills can be introduced in Parliament only on the ______ of the President.

Correct Answer: recommendation

Question 35The President can authorize withdrawal of money in advance from the ______ Fund of India.

Correct Answer: Contingency

Question 36The President appoints a ______ every five years to make recommendations on financial matters.

Correct Answer: Finance Commission

Question 37The President has the power to grant ______ or reduce the punishment of a person.

Correct Answer: pardon

Question 38The President is not ______ to any Court of Law for the exercise of his/her duties.

Correct Answer: answerable

Question 39The President represents the country at ______ conferences.

Correct Answer: international

Question 40All international ______ and agreements are conducted in the name of the President.

Correct Answer: treaties

Question 41A National Emergency is declared when security is threatened by war, external aggression or ______.

Correct Answer: armed rebellion

Question 42If there is a breakdown of ______ machinery in a State, the President can declare emergency in that State.

Correct Answer: Constitutional

Question 43A ______ Emergency can be declared if there is a threat to the financial stability of the country.

Correct Answer: financial

Question 44The Vice-President is the ______ Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.

Correct Answer: ex-officio

Question 45The Vice-President is elected by an electoral college comprising members of ______ of the Parliament.

Correct Answer: both the Houses

Question 46A candidate for Vice-President must be qualified for becoming a member of the ______.

Correct Answer: Rajya Sabha

Question 47The Vice-President officiates as the President in case of the President's ______.

Correct Answer: death

Question 48The ______ is the real executive head in a parliamentary government like India.

Correct Answer: Prime Minister

Question 49The Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in the ______.

Correct Answer: Lok Sabha

Question 50The Prime Minister along with the Council of Ministers, ______ and advise the President.

Correct Answer: aid
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Short Answer Questions - Practice concise answers to these questions. Click "Show Answer" to reveal the response.
Question 1

Who is the nominal head of the Indian State?

Answer:
The President
Question 2

Who is the real executive head of the Indian government?

Answer:
The Prime Minister
Question 3

What is the minimum age to become the President of India?

Answer:
35 years
Question 4

What is the term of office for the President?

Answer:
5 years
Question 5

How is the President of India elected?

Answer:
Indirectly
Question 6

Who elects the President of India?

Answer:
Electoral College
Question 7

To whom does the President submit his/her resignation?

Answer:
Vice-President
Question 8

What is the process of removing the President called?

Answer:
Impeachment
Question 9

What majority is needed for Presidential impeachment?

Answer:
Two-thirds
Question 10

What is the name of the President's official residence?

Answer:
Rashtrapati Bhawan
Question 11

Who is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces?

Answer:
The President
Question 12

Who appoints the Prime Minister?

Answer:
The President
Question 13

Which body implements laws made by the Legislature?

Answer:
The Executive
Question 14

How many members are nominated to the Rajya Sabha by the President?

Answer:
12
Question 15

What must a bill receive to become a law?

Answer:
Presidential assent
Question 16

Which type of bill cannot be withheld by the President?

Answer:
Money-bill
Question 17

Who issues an Ordinance when Parliament is not in session?

Answer:
The President
Question 18

Who appoints the Chief Justice of India?

Answer:
The President
Question 19

Who appoints the Governors of the States?

Answer:
The President
Question 20

Who can grant pardon to a death sentence?

Answer:
The President
Question 21

Who is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?

Answer:
The Vice-President
Question 22

Who is the link between the Cabinet and the President?

Answer:
The Prime Minister
Question 23

To which house is the Council of Ministers responsible?

Answer:
Lok Sabha
Question 24

Who presides over Cabinet meetings?

Answer:
The Prime Minister
Question 25

Who distributes portfolios among Ministers?

Answer:
The Prime Minister
Question 26

What is the small, senior body of Ministers called?

Answer:
The Cabinet
Question 27

Who represents India at international conferences?

Answer:
Prime Minister or President
Question 28

Who prepares the President's Special Address?

Answer:
The Cabinet
Question 29

Who can dissolve the Lok Sabha?

Answer:
The President
Question 30

What fund is used for unforeseen expenditure?

Answer:
Contingency Fund
Question 31

Who appoints the Finance Commission?

Answer:
The President
Question 32

How often is the Finance Commission appointed?

Answer:
Every 5 years
Question 33

Who acts as President during a vacancy?

Answer:
The Vice-President
Question 34

What is the age requirement for the Vice-President?

Answer:
35 years
Question 35

Who is the head of the State Executive?

Answer:
The Governor
Question 36

What is the term of the Vice-President?

Answer:
5 years
Question 37

Who is the chief spokesperson of the government?

Answer:
The Prime Minister
Question 38

Which body aids and advises the President?

Answer:
Council of Ministers
Question 39

Who appoints the Election Commission members?

Answer:
The President
Question 40

Who can declare a National Emergency?

Answer:
The President
Question 41

Who appoints the Attorney-General of India?

Answer:
The President
Question 42

In whose name are international treaties conducted?

Answer:
The President
Question 43

What is a temporary law issued by the President called?

Answer:
Ordinance
Question 44

Who can declare a Financial Emergency?

Answer:
The President
Question 45

Which house can the President dissolve?

Answer:
Lok Sabha
Question 46

Who is the head of the majority party in Lok Sabha?

Answer:
The Prime Minister
Question 47

Can the President be re-elected?

Answer:
Yes
Question 48

Who leads the State Council of Ministers?

Answer:
Chief Minister
Question 49

Is the President answerable to any court?

Answer:
No
Question 50

Who appoints the Chiefs of the Air Force?

Answer:
The President
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Long Answer Questions - Practice detailed answers to these comprehensive questions. Click "Show Answer" to reveal the response.
Question 1

What are the essential qualifications required for a candidate to contest the election for the President of India?

Answer:
To contest for election as the President of India, a candidate must fulfill the following criteria: 1. Citizenship: Must be a citizen of India. 2. Age: Must have completed the age of 35 years. 3. Eligibility: Must possess the qualifications necessary to be a member of the Lok Sabha. 4. Office of Profit: Must not hold any office of profit under the Government of India or any State Government.
Question 2

Explain the composition of the Electoral College that elects the President of India.

Answer:
The President of India is indirectly elected by an Electoral College consisting of: (a) The elected members of both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha). (b) The elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States. (c) The elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry. Nominated members do not participate in this election.
Question 3

Describe the process of 'Impeachment' for the removal of the President of India.

Answer:
The President can be removed from office for the violation of the Constitution through a process called impeachment: 1. The resolution to impeach may be moved in either House of Parliament. 2. The resolution must be passed by a two-thirds majority of the total membership of that House. 3. It is then sent to the other House for investigation. If both Houses pass the resolution with a two-thirds majority, the President stands removed.
Question 4

Differentiate between the 'Nominal Head' and 'Real Executive' in the context of the Indian Government.

Answer:
The Indian Constitution establishes a distinction between the titular and actual heads of government: 1. Nominal Head: The President is the head of the State and the Executive in name only. All executive orders are issued in the President's name, but they do not exercise independent power. 2. Real Executive: The Prime Minister, along with the Council of Ministers, exercises the actual executive powers. The President acts on the aid and advice of the Prime Minister.
Question 5

Detail the Executive Powers of the President of India.

Answer:
The executive powers of the Union are vested in the President: 1. Appointments: The President appoints the Prime Minister, and on their advice, other Ministers. 2. High Officials: Appoints the Attorney-General, Comptroller and Auditor-General, Judges of Supreme/High Courts, Governors, and Election Commissioners. 3. Administration: All executive actions of the Union government are taken in the President's name. 4. Union Territories: The administration of Union Territories is directly under the President.
Question 6

What are the Legislative Powers exercised by the President of India?

Answer:
The President is an integral part of Parliament and enjoys several legislative powers: 1. Summoning: The power to summon and prorogue both Houses of Parliament. 2. Dissolution: The power to dissolve the Lok Sabha. 3. Nominations: Nominating 12 members to the Rajya Sabha from fields like art, science, and social service. 4. Assent: Every bill passed by Parliament becomes law only after receiving the President's assent. 5. Ordinances: Issuing executive orders (Ordinances) when Parliament is not in session.
Question 7

Explain the Financial Powers of the President of India.

Answer:
The President holds significant authority over the nation's finances: 1. Money-bills: Can only be introduced in Parliament on the recommendation of the President. 2. Contingency Fund: The President can authorize advances from the Contingency Fund of India to meet unforeseen expenses. 3. Finance Commission: Appoints a Finance Commission every five years to recommend the distribution of taxes between the Union and the States.
Question 8

Discuss the Judicial Powers and privileges of the President.

Answer:
1. Pardon: The President has the power to grant pardon, reprieve, or reduce the punishment of any person, including changing a death sentence. 2. Legal Immunity: The President is not answerable to any Court of Law for the exercise of the powers and duties of the office. 3. Appointments: Appoints the Chief Justice and judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
Question 9

Under what circumstances can the President declare a National or General Emergency?

Answer:
A National or General Emergency is declared under Article 352 when: 1. The security of India or any part of it is threatened by war. 2. There is external aggression by a foreign country. 3. There is an armed rebellion within the country. During such times, the federal structure changes, and the Union government becomes more powerful.
Question 10

Explain the concept of 'State Emergency' or 'Breakdown of Constitutional Machinery'.

Answer:
If the President receives a report from a Governor or is otherwise satisfied that the government of a State cannot be carried out in accordance with the Constitution, he/she can declare a State Emergency. This is often called 'President’s Rule.' In this situation, the State Assembly is usually dissolved or suspended, and the President takes over the administration of the State through the Governor.
Question 11

What is a Financial Emergency and when is it declared?

Answer:
A Financial Emergency is declared if the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen whereby the financial stability or credit of India, or any part of its territory, is threatened. During this period, the President can issue directions for the reduction of salaries of government officials and modify the distribution of financial resources between the Union and States.
Question 12

Discuss the Military and Diplomatic powers of the President.

Answer:
Military Powers: 1. Chief Commander: The President is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. 2. Appointments: Appoints the Chiefs of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. 3. War/Peace: Has the power to declare war and conclude peace treaties. Diplomatic Powers: 1. Representation: Represents India at international forums. 2. Envoys: Appoints Indian ambassadors and receives foreign ambassadors. 3. Treaties: All international treaties and agreements are signed in the President's name.
Question 13

What are the functions of the Vice-President of India?

Answer:
The Vice-President performs two primary roles: 1. Chairman: Acts as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, presiding over its sessions. 2. Acting President: Officiates as the President in the event of the President's death, resignation, or removal until a new President is elected. While acting as President, he/she does not perform the duties of the Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
Question 14

How is the Vice-President of India elected and removed?

Answer:
Election: The Vice-President is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament (both elected and nominated). Removal: The Vice-President can be removed by a resolution passed by a majority of all the then members of the Rajya Sabha and agreed to by a majority of the Lok Sabha.
Question 15

Why is the Prime Minister described as the 'real executive head'?

Answer:
In a parliamentary system, while the President is the head of State, the Prime Minister is the head of Government. This is because: 1. Majority Leader: He/she is the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. 2. Decision Maker: All major policy decisions are taken by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. 3. Advisor: The President is bound to act on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers.
Question 16

Explain the role of the Prime Minister as a link between the President and the Council of Ministers.

Answer:
The Prime Minister serves as the primary channel of communication: 1. Reporting: It is the duty of the PM to communicate to the President all decisions of the Council of Ministers. 2. Briefing: The PM keeps the President informed about all matters of administration and proposed legislation. 3. Mediation: If the President requires information on any matter, the PM provides it.
Question 17

Describe the Prime Minister's powers regarding the Council of Ministers.

Answer:
The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers: 1. Selection: Recommends names to the President for appointment as Ministers. 2. Portfolios: Distributes and reshuffles the departments (portfolios) among the ministers. 3. Coordination: Presides over Cabinet meetings and coordinates the work of different departments. 4. Dismissal: Can ask a minister to resign or advise the President to dismiss them.
Question 18

What is 'Collective Responsibility' in the Indian Parliamentary system?

Answer:
Collective Responsibility means that the Council of Ministers is jointly accountable to the Lok Sabha. If the Lok Sabha passes a 'No-Confidence Motion' against the government, the entire Council of Ministers, including those from the Rajya Sabha, must resign. This ensures that the ministry works as a team and remains responsible to the people's representatives.
Question 19

Differentiate between the Cabinet and the Council of Ministers.

Answer:
1. Size: The Council of Ministers is a large body (60-80 ministers), while the Cabinet is a smaller, elite group (15-20 ministers). 2. Hierarchy: The Council includes Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers. The Cabinet consists only of senior leaders. 3. Function: The Cabinet meets frequently to take major policy decisions; the Council of Ministers rarely meets as a whole body.
Question 20

Analyze the functions of the Cabinet in the Indian administration.

Answer:
The Cabinet is the policy-making body: 1. Policy Framing: Decides internal and external policies, including defense, finance, and foreign affairs. 2. Legislative Guidance: Prepares the government's legislative agenda and the President’s Special Address. 3. Coordination: Ensures harmony between different ministries. 4. Emergency: Recommends to the President to declare an emergency.
Question 21

Explain the Prime Minister’s role in international affairs.

Answer:
The Prime Minister is the primary representative of India abroad: 1. Conferences: Represents the country at summits like SAARC, Commonwealth, and Non-Aligned Movement. 2. Foreign Policy: Plays a decisive role in shaping the nation's foreign policy and negotiating international agreements. 3. Global Voice: Makes all important announcements regarding national policy on international platforms.
Question 22

What happens when the Prime Minister resigns or dies?

Answer:
The Prime Minister is the 'pivot' of the government. When the Prime Minister resigns, the entire Council of Ministers automatically stands dissolved. Similarly, the death of a Prime Minister results in the dissolution of the ministry, necessitating the appointment of a new leader by the majority party and a fresh oath of office for the new Council of Ministers.
Question 23

Discuss the 'Discretionary Powers' of the President in appointing a Prime Minister.

Answer:
Usually, the President must invite the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. However, in a 'Hung Parliament' where no party or coalition has a clear majority: 1. The President uses personal judgment to appoint a person who is most likely to command a majority. 2. This appointee is then asked to prove their majority in the House within a specified timeframe.
Question 24

What are the different categories of ministers in the Council of Ministers?

Answer:
1. Cabinet Ministers: Senior leaders holding important portfolios like Defense, Finance, and Home. 2. Ministers of State (Independent Charge): They head smaller ministries but are not members of the Cabinet. 3. Ministers of State: They assist Cabinet Ministers in their work. 4. Deputy Ministers: They assist Cabinet Ministers or Ministers of State in administrative and parliamentary duties.
Question 25

Explain the role of the Cabinet in financial matters of the Union.

Answer:
The Cabinet manages the nation's economy: 1. Budget: It is responsible for preparing the annual budget and ensuring its passage in Parliament. 2. Revenue: Decides on taxes and ways to raise revenue. 3. Expenditure: Controls and monitors the spending of various government departments to ensure financial discipline.
Question 26

How does the Cabinet influence the legislative process?

Answer:
The Cabinet controls the legislative business of Parliament: 1. Bill Introduction: Most important bills are 'Government Bills' introduced by Cabinet ministers. 2. Ordinances: Advises the President on issuing Ordinances when Parliament is in recess. 3. Special Address: Drafts the speech the President delivers at the commencement of the first session of the year.
Question 27

What are the qualifications required to become the Vice-President of India?

Answer:
1. Citizenship: Must be an Indian citizen. 2. Age: Must be at least 35 years old. 3. Rajya Sabha Eligibility: Must be qualified for election as a member of the Rajya Sabha. (Note: This is different from the President, who must be eligible for the Lok Sabha).
Question 28

Discuss the administrative powers of the President regarding Union Territories.

Answer:
Union Territories are governed directly by the Union government: 1. The President administers them through an administrator (Lieutenant Governor or Chief Commissioner) appointed by him/her. 2. The President has the power to make regulations for the peace, progress, and good government of certain Union Territories.
Question 29

Explain the significance of the President’s 'Power of Pardon'.

Answer:
The power of pardon is a judicial power to correct potential judicial errors or provide mercy: 1. It applies to all cases where punishment is for an offense against a Union law. 2. It applies to all cases where the sentence is a death sentence. 3. It allows the President to grant full pardon, commute a sentence, or grant a stay of execution.
Question 30

Describe the Prime Minister's role in the Parliament.

Answer:
1. Leader of the House: The PM is the leader of the Lok Sabha and the chief spokesperson of the government. 2. Policy Statements: Makes all major policy announcements in the House. 3. Defender: Defends the government's actions and policies during debates. 4. Dissolution Advice: Advises the President on when to dissolve the Lok Sabha and call for fresh elections.
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Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
What is the primary function of the Executive branch of the Government?
Answer
It implements the laws made by the legislature.
Question
Who are the members that constitute the Union Executive in India?
Answer
The President, the Vice-President, the Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers.
Question
Who is considered the head of the Executive and the head of the State in India?
Answer
The President of India.
Question
While the President is the head of the State, their role is primarily that of a _____ head.
Answer
nominal
Question
Who exercises the real executive powers in India, in consultation with the Council of Ministers?
Answer
The Prime Minister.
Question
What is the first qualification required to be eligible for election as the President of India?
Answer
One must be a citizen of India.
Question
What is the minimum age a person must be to contest for the election of the President of India?
Answer
35 years.
Question
Besides citizenship and age, a candidate for President must have the qualifications necessary to be a member of which house of Parliament?
Answer
The Lok Sabha.
Question
A candidate for the President of India must not hold any _____ under the government of India.
Answer
office of profit
Question
How is the President of India elected?
Answer
The President is indirectly elected by an Electoral College.
Question
What is the first group of members that constitutes the Electoral College for the President's election?
Answer
The elected members of both the Houses of the Parliament.
Question
What is the second group of members that constitutes the Electoral College for the President's election?
Answer
The elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the State.
Question
Which two Union Territories have elected members of their Legislative Assemblies included in the Electoral College for the President's election?
Answer
Delhi and Puducherry.
Question
What is the term of office for the President of India?
Answer
A period of five years.
Question
Is the President of India eligible for re-election?
Answer
Yes, he/she is eligible for re-election.
Question
To whom does the President submit his/her resignation?
Answer
The Vice-President.
Question
What is the process called by which the President can be removed from office for the violation of the Constitution?
Answer
Impeachment.
Question
What majority is required in both Houses of Parliament to pass the resolution for the impeachment of the President?
Answer
A two-thirds majority of that House.
Question
What is the official rent-free residence of the President of India known as?
Answer
The Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi.
Question
The executive power of the Union is vested in whom?
Answer
The President.
Question
All executive orders issued by the Union government are issued in the name of whom?
Answer
The President.
Question
Who appoints the leader of the majority party as the Prime Minister?
Answer
The President.
Question
On whose advice does the President appoint other ministers?
Answer
On the advice of the Prime Minister.
Question
List three key officials appointed by the President of India.
Answer
The Attorney-General of India, the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, and members of the Finance Commission (among others).
Question
Who is the Chief Commander of the Armed Forces in India?
Answer
The President of India.
Question
Who appoints the chiefs of the three wings of the Armed Forces: the Army, Navy, and Air Force?
Answer
The President.
Question
Who has the power to declare war and make peace treaties?
Answer
The President.
Question
Who has the power to summon and prorogue both Houses of the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha?
Answer
The President.
Question
How many members can the President nominate to the Rajya Sabha?
Answer
12 members.
Question
From what fields are the members nominated by the President to the Rajya Sabha chosen?
Answer
Art, literature, science, and social service.
Question
A bill passed by both Houses of Parliament only becomes a law after it receives the _____ of the President.
Answer
assent
Question
What power does the President have when Parliament is not in session and an ordinance is needed?
Answer
The President has the power to issue an Ordinance (executive orders).
Question
A money-bill can be introduced in the Parliament only on the recommendation of whom?
Answer
The President.
Question
What fund can the President authorize withdrawal from in advance to meet unforeseen expenditure?
Answer
The Contingency Fund of India.
Question
Who appoints a Finance Commission after every five years to make recommendations on financial matters?
Answer
The President.
Question
What judicial power does the President have regarding a person who has received a punishment?
Answer
The power to grant pardon or reduce/pardon the sentence.
Question
Is the President answerable to any Court of Law for the exercise of his/her powers and duties?
Answer
No, the President is not answerable to any Court of Law.
Question
Who represents the country at international conferences?
Answer
The President.
Question
Who appoints Indian ambassadors abroad and receives ambassadors of other countries?
Answer
The President.
Question
All international treaties and agreements are conducted in the name of whom?
Answer
The President.
Question
Under what circumstance can the President declare a National Emergency?
Answer
When the security of the country or any part of it is threatened by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
Question
What type of emergency can the President declare if there is a breakdown of the constitutional machinery in a State?
Answer
State Emergency, also known as President's Rule.
Question
Under what circumstance can the President declare a Financial Emergency?
Answer
If there is a threat to the financial stability of the country.
Question
Who elects the Vice-President of India?
Answer
An electoral college comprising members of both the Houses of Parliament.
Question
The qualifications for the post of Vice-President are the same as for the President, except that the Vice-President must have qualifications to become a member of the _____.
Answer
Rajya Sabha
Question
What is the term of office for the Vice-President of India?
Answer
5 years.
Question
How can the Vice-President be removed from office?
Answer
By a majority resolution of the Rajya Sabha and agreed by the majority of the Lok Sabha.
Question
What is the primary function of the Vice-President of India?
Answer
He/She is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Question
When does the Vice-President act as the President of India?
Answer
In case of death, resignation, or removal of the President, until a new President is elected.
Question
Who is considered the real executive head in a parliamentary government like India?
Answer
The Prime Minister.
Question
The Prime Minister is the leader of the _____ party in the Lok Sabha.
Answer
majority
Question
In what situation might the President exercise his/her discretionary power in appointing the Prime Minister?
Answer
When none of the parties get an absolute majority.
Question
Who acts as the link between the Council of Ministers and the President?
Answer
The Prime Minister.
Question
Who informs the President about the decisions of the Cabinet and the matters of the government?
Answer
The Prime Minister.
Question
Who distributes portfolios among the Council of Ministers?
Answer
The Prime Minister.
Question
Who presides over the meetings of the Cabinet and coordinates the working of various departments?
Answer
The Prime Minister.
Question
Who is the chief spokesperson and defender of the government in the Parliament?
Answer
The Prime Minister.
Question
Who represents the country at international conferences like the Commonwealth and SAARC?
Answer
The Prime Minister.
Question
The entire governmental machinery runs on the success or failure of whose leadership?
Answer
The Prime Minister.
Question
Who heads the Council of Ministers?
Answer
The Prime Minister.