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SOCIO-RELIGIOUS REFORMS - Questions & Answers

I. Name the following:

1. Two organisations formed by Raja Rammohan Roy.

(a) Atmiya Sabha (b) Brahmo Samaj

2. Two men who carried on the work done by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

(a) Mahatma Hans Raj (b) Lala Lajpat Rai

3. Two slogans given by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

(a) "Go Back to the Vedas" (b) "India for the Indians"

4. Two books written by Jyotiba Phule.

(a) Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak (b) Ghulamgiri

5. Two Sikh movements.

(a) Singh Sabha Movement (b) Akali Movement

II. Match the following:

1. Gift of Monotheists — (d) Raja Rammohan Roy

Answer: 1 — (d)

2. Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act — (e) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Answer: 2 — (e)

3. Satyarth Prakash — (b) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

Answer: 3 — (b)

4. Parliament of World Religions — (c) Swami Vivekananda

Answer: 4 — (c)

5. Theosophical Society — (a) Annie Besant

Answer: 5 — (a)

III. Fill in the blanks:

1. Lord William Bentinck passed a law abolishing the practice of sati.

2. According to Swami Dayanand Saraswati, the destiny of India lay in the revival of the Vedic religion.

3. Narendra Nath, a disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahansa, was popularly known as Swami Vivekananda.

4. Annie Besant started the Central Hindu School in Banaras.

5. The Akali Movement aimed at liberating the gurudwaras from the control of corrupt mahants.

IV. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) A. Choose the correct option.

1. Which of the following was not a belief of Raja Rammohan Roy?
(a) Monotheism (b) Belief in rituals (c) Equality of women (d) Philosophy of Vedanta

Answer: (b) Belief in rituals

2. Whose work in the social field was responsible for the passage of Hindu Widow's Remarriage Act?
(a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (b) Swami Dayanand Saraswati (c) Swami Vivekananda (d) Annie Besant

Answer: (a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

3. Swami Dayanand : Infallibility of Vedas :: Raja Rammohan Roy : Western Education.
(a) Western Education (b) Western thought (c) Infallibility of Vedas (d) All of the above

Answer: (c) Infallibility of Vedas

4. Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj had similar ideals such as
(a) Monotheism (b) Equality of Women (c) Opposition to social evils (d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

5. Jyotiba Phule was greatly influenced by
(a) Renaissance in Europe (b) Thomas Paine's 'The Rights of Man' (c) Socio-religious movements in India (d) All of the above

Answer: (b) Thomas Paine's 'The Rights of Man'

6. Which of the following was advocated by the Theosophist Movement?
(a) Revival of ancient religions. (b) Universal brotherhood of man. (c) Revival of ancient Indian ideals and institutions. (d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

7. Jyotiba Phule worked
(a) against caste-restrictions (b) for gender equality (c) for education of girls (d) all of the above

Answer: (d) all of the above

8. Which of the following sets is incorrect?
(a) Satya Shodhak Samaj: Jyotiba Phule (b) Theosophical Society: Annie Besant (c) Remarriage Association: Veeresalingam Kandukuri (d) Brahmo Samaj: Swami Dayanand Saraswati

Answer: (d) Brahmo Samaj: Swami Dayanand Saraswati

B. Given below are two statements (P) and (Q). How are they related?

1. (P) The British introduced western education to serve their vested interests.
(Q) The spirit of renaissance pervaded India.

Answer: (c) (P) and (Q) are true.

2. (P) British conquest exposed the weaknesses in the prevalent social setup in India.
(Q) In the nineteenth century there took birth many socio-religious reform movements.

Answer: (a) (P) is the reason for (Q).

V. Answer the following questions:

1. Explain the factors that led to the birth of socio-religious reform movements in India.

The factors included: (i) the British conquest which exposed the weaknesses and decay of Indian society; (ii) the influence of modern western thought such as science, reason, and humanism; (iii) the discovery by Indian scholars that many traditional beliefs were no longer useful and needed to be discarded; and (iv) the realization that certain aspects of India’s cultural heritage had intrinsic value and needed to be revived.

2. Why did religious and social reform movements go hand in hand?

They went hand in hand because every social custom in India had its roots in religious injunctions and sanctions. Therefore, it was impossible to reform society without also addressing the religious beliefs that supported those social practices.

3. With regard to Brahmo Samaj, answer the following questions.
(a) Who founded the Brahmo Samaj? Why?
(b) What were the ideals of Brahmo Samaj?

(a) Raja Rammohan Roy founded the Brahma Sabha in 1828 (later named Brahmo Samaj) with the object of saving Hinduism from the evils of the caste system and superstition.
(b) The ideals included: (i) Monotheism or the worship of one God; (ii) emphasis on human dignity and brotherhood; (iii) opposition to meaningless rituals and idol-worship; (iv) equality of women and upliftment of their social status; (v) basing society on the philosophy of Vedanta and reason; and (vi) the promotion of western education.

4. Explain the work done by the following with regard to socio-religious reforms:
(a) The Arya Samaj.
(b) The Theosophical Society.

(a) The Arya Samaj: Founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati, it advocated the revival of Vedic religion ("Go Back to the Vedas"). It opposed idol-worship and the caste system, supported widow remarriage, started the Shudhi movement to bring back converts, and established a network of Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (D.A.V.) schools.
(b) The Theosophical Society: Led by Annie Besant in India, it advocated the revival of ancient religions like Hinduism and Buddhism. It preached universal brotherhood, opened schools for the depressed classes and women, opposed child marriage, and worked to improve the condition of widows.

5. The most important reformer among the Muslims in the 19th century was Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. In this context, state briefly:
(a) His views on religion.
(b) His contribution to modern education.

(a) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan believed the Quran was the authoritative work for Islam and other writings were secondary. He was against fanaticism and narrow-mindedness, encouraging tolerance and a rational approach to religion.
(b) He believed Muslims could improve only by imbibing western scientific knowledge. He founded the Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental (M.A.O.) College at Aligarh, which later became the Aligarh Muslim University, and translated many western books into Urdu.

6. Write short notes on the contribution made by the following to the socio-religious reforms:
(a) Jyotiba Phule
(b) Shri Narayana Guru
(c) Veeresalingam Kandukuri.

(a) Jyotiba Phule: He led the movement against caste restrictions and the domination of Brahmins. He founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj, pioneered girls' education by opening schools, and fought for the rights of peasants and the liberation of untouchables.
(b) Shri Narayana Guru: A spiritual leader from Kerala, he established the SNDP to promote literacy and social transformation. He advocated "One caste, one religion, and one God for man," consecrated temples open to all, and simplified rituals to bring harmony.
(c) Veeresalingam Kandukuri: Known as the father of the Renaissance in Andhra, he strongly advocated for widow remarriage and girls' education. He started journals like "Vivekavardhini" to criticize superstitions and corruption, and established a Widow Home in Rajahmundry.

VI. Picture Study

Study the picture and answer the following questions:

(a) Identify the person in the picture. Name the organisation established by him?

The person in the picture is Swami Vivekananda. He established the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.

(b) What were the aims of the organisation formed by him.

The aims were: (i) To manifest the divinity inherent in man; (ii) To strive for synthesis and harmony among various faiths; and (iii) To take up the service of mankind as service to God.

(c) State any three ideals of the person in the picture. How did he spread his mission abroad?

Ideals: (i) Belief in the essential oneness of all religions; (ii) faith in the spiritual superiority of Indian philosophy; and (iii) emphasis on liberty, equality, and free thinking. He spread his mission abroad by attending the Parliament of World Religions in Chicago (1893) and establishing branches of the Ramakrishna Mission in the United States and other western countries.

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Multiple Choice Questions - Test your understanding with these MCQs. Click "Show Answer" to reveal the correct answer.

Question 1What did the British conquest expose regarding Indian society in the 19th century?

Correct Answer: Its weaknesses and decay

Question 2Which two modern doctrines particularly impressed educated Indians during the Renaissance?

Correct Answer: Science and the doctrines of reason and humanism

Question 3Why did social and religious reforms in India go hand in hand?

Correct Answer: Because social customs had roots in religious injunctions

Question 4Where did Raja Rammohan Roy study Sanskrit literature and Hindu Philosophy?

Correct Answer: Varanasi

Question 5Raja Rammohan Roy studied the Quran and Persian literature in which city?

Correct Answer: Patna

Question 6Why did Raja Rammohan Roy learn Greek and Hebrew?

Correct Answer: To study the Bible in its original form

Question 7What was the main aim of the Atmiya Sabha started by Raja Rammohan Roy?

Correct Answer: To do away with religious and social evils in Bengal

Question 8In what year did Raja Rammohan Roy establish the Brahma Sabha?

Correct Answer: 1828

Question 9The Brahma Sabha was later renamed as what?

Correct Answer: Brahmo Samaj

Question 10Which book did Raja Rammohan Roy write in 1809 to argue for the worship of a single God?

Correct Answer: Gift to Monotheists

Question 11What language was 'Gift to Monotheists' originally written in?

Correct Answer: Persian

Question 12To prove his point about monotheism, which texts did Rammohan Roy translate into Bengali?

Correct Answer: Vedas and five principal Upanishads

Question 13Which social evil was specifically criticized and agitated against by the Brahmo Samaj?

Correct Answer: Sati

Question 14Which Governor-General passed the law making Sati illegal in 1829?

Correct Answer: Lord William Bentinck

Question 15Under the law of 1829, the practice of Sati was punishable as what?

Correct Answer: Culpable homicide

Question 16Raja Rammohan Roy is widely known as the:

Correct Answer: Father of Modern India

Question 17Which educational institution was NOT founded or helped by Raja Rammohan Roy?

Correct Answer: Aligarh Muslim University

Question 18Who was the missionary that Raja Rammohan Roy helped to start English schools?

Correct Answer: David Hare

Question 19Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar received his title 'Vidyasagar' from which college?

Correct Answer: Sanskrit College

Question 20What does the title 'Vidyasagar' mean?

Correct Answer: Ocean of Wisdom

Question 21Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar joined which college as a Lecturer?

Correct Answer: Fort William College

Question 22How many schools did Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar arrange to be built within two months?

Correct Answer: 20

Question 23To encourage gender equality, how many schools did Vidyasagar establish exclusively for girls?

Correct Answer: 30

Question 24Which act was passed due to the efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar?

Correct Answer: Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act

Question 25Which movement is Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar associated with as a key figure?

Correct Answer: Bengal Renaissance

Question 26What was the core belief of Swami Dayanand Saraswati regarding India's destiny?

Correct Answer: Revival of Vedic religion

Question 27In what year and city was the Arya Samaj founded?

Correct Answer: 1875, Bombay

Question 28What was the famous motto given by Swami Dayanand Saraswati?

Correct Answer: Go Back to the Vedas

Question 29What was the purpose of the 'Shudhi Movement' started by Swami Dayanand?

Correct Answer: To bring back Hindu converts from other religions

Question 30Which book contains the philosophy and social teachings of the Arya Samaj?

Correct Answer: Satyarth Prakash

Question 31What does D.A.V. stand for in the context of Arya Samaj schools?

Correct Answer: Dayanand Anglo-Vedic

Question 32Where was the first D.A.V. college established in 1886?

Correct Answer: Lahore

Question 33Who among the following did NOT carry on the work of Swami Dayanand after his death?

Correct Answer: Annie Besant

Question 34According to the text, what was the basic difference between Rammohan Roy and Dayanand Saraswati?

Correct Answer: Roy believed in Western education; Dayanand believed in Vedic infallibility

Question 35In what year did Swami Vivekananda found the Ramakrishna Mission?

Correct Answer: 1897

Question 36What is a primary aim of the Ramakrishna Mission?

Correct Answer: To take up the service of mankind

Question 37What did Swami Vivekananda believe regarding all religions?

Correct Answer: All religions are essentially one

Question 38Which city hosted the Parliament of World Religions in 1893 attended by Vivekananda?

Correct Answer: Chicago

Question 39Where is the international headquarters of the Ramakrishna Mission located?

Correct Answer: Belur Math

Question 40Which country outside of India did Swami Vivekananda establish many branches of the mission?

Correct Answer: United States of America

Question 41Jyotiba Phule led a movement against which prevailing social restriction?

Correct Answer: Caste-restrictions and Brahmin domination

Question 42Which famous book by Thomas Paine influenced Jyotiba Phule?

Correct Answer: The Rights of Man

Question 43Who was Jyotiba Phule's wife who supported his quest for women's education?

Correct Answer: Savitribai Phule

Question 44Which organization was formed by Jyotiba Phule in 1873?

Correct Answer: Satya Shodhak Samaj

Question 45What does 'Satya Shodhak Samaj' translate to?

Correct Answer: Society of Seekers of Truth

Question 46What title was Jyotiba Phule honored with?

Correct Answer: Mahatma

Question 47Which of these books was written by Jyotiba Phule?

Correct Answer: Ghulamgiri

Question 48Where were the international headquarters of the Theosophical Society located?

Correct Answer: Adyar, Madras

Question 49In what year did Annie Besant become the President of the Theosophical Society?

Correct Answer: 1907

Question 50Which ancient religions did the Theosophists advocate the revival of?

Correct Answer: Hinduism, Buddhism and Zoroastrianism
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True or False Questions - Determine whether each statement is true or false. Click "Show Answer" to reveal the correct answer.

Statement 1The British conquest exposed the weaknesses and decay of Indian society.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 2Indian reformers were particularly impressed by the doctrines of reason and humanism.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 3Social customs in India had no roots in religious injunctions.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 4Raja Rammohan Roy is known as the 'Father of Modern India'.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 5Raja Rammohan Roy studied the Quran in Varanasi.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 6Rammohan Roy learned Greek and Hebrew to study the Bible in the original.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 7The Atmiya Sabha was started to promote the caste system in Bengal.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 8The Brahma Sabha was established in 1828.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 9The Brahmo Samaj preached monotheism or the worship of one God.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 10Rammohan Roy wrote 'Gift to Monotheists' in Bengali.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 11Rammohan Roy published a Bengali translation of the Vedas and Upanishads.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 12The Brahmo Samaj supported the practice of Sati.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 13Lord William Bentinck passed a law in 1829 making Sati illegal.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 14The law of 1829 made Sati punishable as culpable homicide.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 15The Brahmo Samaj was based on the philosophy of Vedanta.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 16Raja Rammohan Roy opposed the introduction of Western education in India.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 17Rammohan Roy helped found the Hindu College in Calcutta.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 18Rammohan Roy brought out journals in Bengali, Persian, Hindi, and English.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 19Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar received his title from the Fort William College.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 20Vidyasagar was appointed as the special inspector of schools in 1855.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 21Vidyasagar arranged for 20 schools to be built within two months.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 22Vidyasagar established 30 schools exclusively for boys.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 23Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a staunch believer in the remarriage of widows.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 24Vidyasagar played a key role in the passing of the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 25Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 26The Arya Samaj was founded in Calcutta.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 27Swami Dayanand's motto was 'Go Back to the Vedas'.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 28The Arya Samaj preached in favor of idol-worship.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 29The Shudhi Movement was started by the Brahmo Samaj.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 30The Shudhi Movement aimed to bring back Hindu converts to Hinduism.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 31The Arya Samaj opposed the purdah system and child marriage.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 32Swami Dayanand Saraswati wrote the book 'Satyarth Prakash'.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 33D.A.V. stands for Dayanand Anglo-Vedic.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 34The first D.A.V. college was established at Lahore in 1886.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 35Swami Dayanand Saraswati died at Ajmer in 1883.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 36Raja Rammohan Roy believed in the infallibility of the Vedas.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 37Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 38Vivekananda believed that service to mankind was service to God.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 39Swami Vivekananda attended the Parliament of World Religions in Chicago in 1893.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 40The Belur Math is located near Mumbai.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 41The Ramakrishna Mission has branches in Sri Lanka and Myanmar.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 42Jyotiba Phule was a prominent social reformer of the 20th century.

Correct Answer: False

Statement 43Phule revolted against the domination of the Brahmins.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 44Jyotiba Phule was influenced by Thomas Paine's 'The Rights of Man'.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 45Savitribai Phule supported her husband Jyotiba's quest for women's education.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 46Jyotiba Phule established the Satya Shodhak Samaj.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 47Jyotiba Phule wrote the book 'Ghulamgiri'.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 48Phule was honored with the title of 'Mahatma'.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 49Annie Besant was the President of the Theosophical Society.

Correct Answer: True

Statement 50The headquarters of the Theosophical Society were in Madras (Adyar).

Correct Answer: True
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Fill in the Blanks - Complete the sentences by filling in the missing words. Click "Show Answer" to check your response.

Question 1The British conquest exposed the weaknesses and ______ of Indian society.

Correct Answer: decay

Question 2Educated Indians were particularly impressed by modern science and the doctrines of reason and ______.

Correct Answer: humanism

Question 3The spirit of ______ (new birth) pervaded the whole country during the reform movements.

Correct Answer: renaissance

Question 4Social customs in India had their roots in religious ______ and sanctions.

Correct Answer: injunctions

Question 5Raja Rammohan Roy studied Sanskrit literature and Hindu Philosophy at ______.

Correct Answer: Varanasi

Question 6To study the Bible in the original, Raja Rammohan Roy learned ______ and Hebrew.

Correct Answer: Greek

Question 7Raja Rammohan Roy started the ______ Sabha to do away with religious and social evils in Bengal.

Correct Answer: Atmiya

Question 8The Brahma Sabha was established in the year ______.

Correct Answer: 1828

Question 9The Brahma Sabha was later renamed as the ______ Samaj.

Correct Answer: Brahmo

Question 10Rammohan Roy wrote ______ in 1809 in Persian to support monotheism.

Correct Answer: Gift to Monotheists

Question 11Rammohan Roy translated the Vedas and five principal ______ into Bengali.

Correct Answer: Upanishads

Question 12The Brahmo Samaj preached the equality and ______ of mankind.

Correct Answer: brotherhood

Question 13Lord ______ passed a law in 1829 making Sati illegal.

Correct Answer: William Bentinck

Question 14The law of 1829 classified Sati as ______ homicide.

Correct Answer: culpable

Question 15The Brahmo Samaj was based on the philosophy of ______, supported by the Vedas.

Correct Answer: Vedanta

Question 16Raja Rammohan Roy helped David Hare start schools where children could learn ______.

Correct Answer: English

Question 17Raja Rammohan Roy is known as the '______ of Modern India'.

Correct Answer: Father

Question 18Ishwar Chandra received the title ______ from Sanskrit College for his in-depth knowledge.

Correct Answer: Vidyasagar

Question 19Vidyasagar was appointed as the special ______ of schools in 1855.

Correct Answer: inspector

Question 20Vidyasagar established ______ schools exclusively for girls to encourage gender equality.

Correct Answer: 30

Question 21Due to Vidyasagar's efforts, the British passed the ______ Act.

Correct Answer: Hindu Widows' Remarriage

Question 22Vidyasagar was a key figure of the ______ Renaissance.

Correct Answer: Bengal

Question 23Swami Dayanand Saraswati became a ______ (an ascetic) at a young age.

Correct Answer: Sanyasi

Question 24Dayanand Saraswati founded the ______ Samaj in 1875.

Correct Answer: Arya

Question 25The Arya Samaj was founded in the city of ______.

Correct Answer: Bombay

Question 26Swami Dayanand's motto was 'Go Back to the ______'.

Correct Answer: Vedas

Question 27The ______ Movement was started to bring back Hindu converts to their original faith.

Correct Answer: Shudhi

Question 28The book ______ contains the philosophy and teachings of the Arya Samaj.

Correct Answer: Satyarth Prakash

Question 29Arya Samaj schools and colleges are known as ______ institutions.

Correct Answer: Dayanand Anglo-Vedic

Question 30The first D.A.V. college was established at ______ in 1886.

Correct Answer: Lahore

Question 31Dayanand Saraswati died at ______ in 1883.

Correct Answer: Ajmer

Question 32Lala Lajpat Rai and Mahatma ______ were among those who carried on Dayanand's work.

Correct Answer: Hans Raj

Question 33Rammohan Roy believed in Western education, whereas Dayanand Saraswati believed in the ______ of the Vedas.

Correct Answer: infallibility

Question 34Swami Vivekananda was a disciple of ______.

Correct Answer: Ramakrishna Paramahansa

Question 35Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission in ______.

Correct Answer: 1897

Question 36Vivekananda believed that service to ______ was service to God.

Correct Answer: mankind

Question 37In 1893, Vivekananda attended the Parliament of World ______ at Chicago.

Correct Answer: Religions

Question 38The ______ Math near Kolkata became the centre of the Ramakrishna Mission’s activities.

Correct Answer: Belur

Question 39Vivekananda's teachings gave Indians ______ against the assumed superiority of western civilization.

Correct Answer: self-confidence

Question 40The Ramakrishna Mission has international branches in Sri Lanka and ______.

Correct Answer: Myanmar

Question 41Jyotiba Phule was greatly influenced by Thomas Paine's book 'The ______'.

Correct Answer: Rights of Man

Question 42Jyotiba Phule's wife, ______, supported him in providing education for girls.

Correct Answer: Savitribai Phule

Question 43Phule established the ______ Samaj (Society of Seekers of Truth).

Correct Answer: Satya Shodhak

Question 44Jyotiba Phule was honored with the title of ______.

Correct Answer: Mahatma

Question 45Phule wrote the book ______ to attack the caste system.

Correct Answer: Ghulamgiri

Question 46Annie Besant was a member of the ______ Society.

Correct Answer: Theosophical

Question 47The international headquarters of the Theosophical Society were in ______, Madras.

Correct Answer: Adyar

Question 48Annie Besant started the ______ Hindu School in Banaras.

Correct Answer: Central

Question 49Besant helped launch the ______ Rule League to campaign for democracy in India.

Correct Answer: Home

Question 50Annie Besant was elected President of the Indian National Congress in ______.

Correct Answer: 1917
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Short Answer Questions - Practice concise answers to these questions. Click "Show Answer" to reveal the response.
Question 1

What exposed the weaknesses and decay of Indian society in the 19th century?

Answer:
British conquest
Question 2

What spirit pervaded the country during the socio-religious reform movements?

Answer:
Renaissance
Question 3

Who is known as the 'Father of Modern India'?

Answer:
Raja Rammohan Roy
Question 4

Where did Raja Rammohan Roy study Sanskrit literature?

Answer:
Varanasi
Question 5

Where did Raja Rammohan Roy study the Quran?

Answer:
Patna
Question 6

Which Sabha did Raja Rammohan Roy start in Calcutta?

Answer:
Atmiya Sabha
Question 7

In which year was the Brahma Sabha established?

Answer:
1828
Question 8

What was the Brahma Sabha later named?

Answer:
Brahmo Samaj
Question 9

What is the worship of one God called?

Answer:
Monotheism
Question 10

Which Persian book did Rammohan Roy write in 1809?

Answer:
Gift to Monotheists
Question 11

Which Bengali translation did Rammohan Roy publish to prove monotheism?

Answer:
Vedas and Upanishads
Question 12

Which social evil did Raja Rammohan Roy agitate against?

Answer:
Sati
Question 13

Who was the Governor-General that abolished Sati?

Answer:
Lord William Bentinck
Question 14

In which year was Sati made illegal?

Answer:
1829
Question 15

The Brahmo Samaj was based on which philosophy?

Answer:
Vedanta
Question 16

Which college did Rammohan Roy help found in Calcutta?

Answer:
Hindu College
Question 17

Who was the missionary that helped Rammohan Roy start schools?

Answer:
David Hare
Question 18

Which social reformer received the title 'Vidyasagar'?

Answer:
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Question 19

From which college did Ishwar Chandra receive his title?

Answer:
Sanskrit College
Question 20

In which year was Vidyasagar appointed special inspector of schools?

Answer:
1855
Question 21

How many schools did Vidyasagar arrange to build in two months?

Answer:
20
Question 22

How many schools did Vidyasagar establish specifically for girls?

Answer:
30
Question 23

Which Act was passed due to the efforts of Vidyasagar?

Answer:
Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act
Question 24

Who founded the Arya Samaj?

Answer:
Swami Dayanand Saraswati
Question 25

In which year was the Arya Samaj founded?

Answer:
1875
Question 26

Where was the Arya Samaj founded?

Answer:
Bombay
Question 27

What was Swami Dayanand's motto?

Answer:
Go Back to the Vedas
Question 28

What movement did Dayanand start to bring back Hindu converts?

Answer:
Shudhi Movement
Question 29

What is the name of the book written by Swami Dayanand?

Answer:
Satyarth Prakash
Question 30

What do the initials D.A.V. stand for?

Answer:
Dayanand Anglo-Vedic
Question 31

Where was the first D.A.V. college established?

Answer:
Lahore
Question 32

In which year did Swami Dayanand die?

Answer:
1883
Question 33

Where did Swami Dayanand die?

Answer:
Ajmer
Question 34

Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission?

Answer:
Swami Vivekananda
Question 35

In which year was the Ramakrishna Mission founded?

Answer:
1897
Question 36

Whose disciple was Swami Vivekananda?

Answer:
Ramakrishna Paramahansa
Question 37

Where was the Parliament of World Religions held in 1893?

Answer:
Chicago
Question 38

Where is the centre of the Ramakrishna Mission's activities?

Answer:
Belur Math
Question 39

What was Swami Vivekananda's original name?

Answer:
Narendra Nath
Question 40

Who founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj?

Answer:
Jyotiba Phule
Question 41

In which year was the Satya Shodhak Samaj formed?

Answer:
1873
Question 42

Which book by Thomas Paine influenced Jyotiba Phule?

Answer:
The Rights of Man
Question 43

Who was Jyotiba Phule's wife and fellow educator?

Answer:
Savitribai Phule
Question 44

What title was Jyotiba Phule honored with?

Answer:
Mahatma
Question 45

Which book did Jyotiba Phule write against the caste system?

Answer:
Ghulamgiri
Question 46

Who became the President of the Theosophical Society in 1907?

Answer:
Annie Besant
Question 47

Where were the headquarters of the Theosophical Society located?

Answer:
Adyar
Question 48

Which school did Annie Besant start in Banaras?

Answer:
Central Hindu School
Question 49

Which league did Annie Besant launch in 1914?

Answer:
Home Rule League
Question 50

In which year was Annie Besant President of the Indian National Congress?

Answer:
1917
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Long Answer Questions - Practice detailed answers to these comprehensive questions. Click "Show Answer" to reveal the response.
Question 1

Explain the factors that led to the birth of socio-religious reform movements in India during the 19th century.

Answer:
Several key factors contributed to the rise of these movements: 1. British Conquest: It exposed the weaknesses and decay of Indian society. 2. Western Education: Educated Indians began to look for defects in their society and ways to remove them using modern western thought as a key to regeneration. 3. Science and Reason: Reformers were particularly impressed by modern science and the doctrines of reason and humanism. 4. Renaissance Spirit: A spirit of new birth (renaissance) pervaded the country, leading scholars to realize that many traditional beliefs needed to be discarded while valuable cultural heritage needed to be revived.
Question 2

Why did religious and social reform movements in India go hand in hand?

Answer:
Religious and social reforms were inextricably linked because in 19th-century India, every social custom had its roots in religious injunctions and sanctions. Therefore, it was impossible to reform a social practice (like the caste system or Sati) without also addressing the religious beliefs that authorized or protected it. Reformers realized that to modernize society, they had to reinterpret or reform religious scriptures and practices.
Question 3

Discuss the early life and educational background of Raja Rammohan Roy.

Answer:
Raja Rammohan Roy was one of the greatest reformers of the 19th century. His education was diverse and multicultural: 1. He studied Sanskrit literature and Hindu Philosophy at Varanasi. 2. He studied the Quran, as well as Persian and Arabic literature, at Patna. 3. He was acquainted with Jainism and other Indian religious sects. 4. He later studied Western thought and culture. 5. To study the Bible in its original form, he went so far as to learn Greek and Hebrew. This multi-linguistic and multi-religious background helped him develop a universal outlook.
Question 4

Enumerate the main ideals and objectives of the Brahmo Samaj.

Answer:
The Brahmo Samaj, established by Raja Rammohan Roy in 1828, followed these ideals: 1. Monotheism: The worship of one God and opposition to idol worship. 2. Human Dignity: Preaching equality and the brotherhood of all mankind. 3. Opposition to Rituals: Condemning meaningless rituals, the rigidity of the caste system, and the priestly class. 4. Equality of Women: Striving for women's upliftment through education and better social status. 5. Synthesis of East and West: Emphasizing that society should be guided by reason and acquire the best elements from both Eastern and Western cultures.
Question 5

Describe the contribution of Raja Rammohan Roy toward the abolition of Sati.

Answer:
Raja Rammohan Roy was a fierce opponent of the custom of Sati (burning a widow on her husband's funeral pyre). He organized public agitations and wrote extensively against the practice, proving it had no real religious sanction. His persistent efforts convinced the British administration to act. As a result, Lord William Bentinck, the Governor-General, passed a law in 1829 that made Sati illegal and punishable as 'culpable homicide'.
Question 6

Explain Raja Rammohan Roy's contribution to the field of education and journalism.

Answer:
Rammohan Roy was a pioneer of modern education and journalism in India: 1. Education: He was a strong advocate of Western education. He helped lay the foundations of institutions like Hindu College, the English School, and the Vedanta College in Calcutta. He also assisted David Hare in starting schools for Indian children to learn English. 2. Journalism: He is considered the pioneer of Indian journalism. He published journals in several languages, including Bengali, Persian, Hindi, and English, to spread progressive ideas and highlight social issues.
Question 7

Who was Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar? Explain the significance of the title 'Vidyasagar'.

Answer:
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a profound social reformer and educator of the 19th century. The title 'Vidyasagar' means 'Ocean of Wisdom.' He received this title from the Sanskrit College in recognition of his immense and in-depth knowledge of Sanskrit and philosophy. He used this academic authority to challenge orthodox social practices and advocate for the rights of the marginalized, especially women.
Question 8

Detail Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's efforts in the field of education in Bengal.

Answer:
Vidyasagar believed that education was the only way to remove superstitions and blind faith. 1. School Establishment: As a special inspector of schools, he traveled across Bengal and was moved by the pathetic conditions of the people. 2. Massive Expansion: Within a short span of two months, he arranged for the construction of 20 schools. 3. Girls' Education: To promote gender equality, he established 30 schools exclusively for girls, which was a revolutionary step at the time.
Question 9

Explain Vidyasagar's role in the movement for widow remarriage.

Answer:
Vidyasagar was deeply pained by the plight of child widows who were often ill-treated. He used his knowledge of the scriptures to prove that widow remarriage was permitted. He was instrumental in creating public awareness and convincing the British government to take legislative action. His efforts led to the passing of the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, which gave young widows a second chance at life.
Question 10

Discuss the foundational principles of the Arya Samaj.

Answer:
The Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875. Its core principles included: 1. Supremacy of the Vedas: Regarding the Vedas as divine revelation and the source of all true knowledge. 2. Monotheism: Preaching against idol worship and emphasizing faith in one God. 3. Social Reform: Disregarding the caste system and opening membership to lower castes. 4. Equality: Opposing child marriage and the purdah system while encouraging female education and widow remarriage. 5. National Spirit: Fostering a sense of pride in Indian culture through the 'Go Back to the Vedas' motto.
Question 11

What was the 'Shudhi Movement' started by Swami Dayanand Saraswati?

Answer:
The Shudhi Movement was a significant initiative of the Arya Samaj. Its primary goal was twofold: 1. To check the conversion of Hindus to other religions. 2. To provide a mechanism to bring back those who had already converted to other religions (like Islam or Christianity) back into the Hindu fold. This was a radical departure from traditional orthodox Hinduism, which generally did not allow for conversion or re-conversion.
Question 12

Analyze the impact of the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (D.A.V.) institutions on Indian education.

Answer:
The Arya Samaj made a massive contribution to education through the D.A.V. schools and colleges. 1. Synthesis: These institutions combined the study of Sanskrit and the Vedas with modern Western education. 2. Growth: The first D.A.V. college was established in Lahore in 1886. 3. Reach: Today, these schools are found in almost every major city in North India, providing a blend of traditional values and scientific learning to millions of students.
Question 13

Compare the approaches of Raja Rammohan Roy and Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

Answer:
While both were great reformers, they differed in their primary approach to social regeneration: 1. Education: Rammohan Roy placed a heavy emphasis on Western education and modern scientific thought as the primary tool for change. 2. Religious Authority: Swami Dayanand Saraswati focused on the 'infallibility' of the Vedas and believed that India's destiny lay in reviving the pure Vedic religion. 3. Commonality: Despite these differences, both were monotheists, both opposed the caste system and idol worship, and both worked tirelessly for the upliftment of women.
Question 14

State the aims and objectives of the Ramakrishna Mission.

Answer:
Founded by Swami Vivekananda in 1897, the Ramakrishna Mission had three main aims: 1. To manifest the divinity inherent in man. 2. To strive for a synthesis and harmony among various faiths and cults, reflecting the universalist teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahansa. 3. To take up the service of mankind, believing that 'service to man is service to God'.
Question 15

How did Swami Vivekananda's teachings help in building national self-confidence?

Answer:
Vivekananda played a crucial role in restoring Indian pride: 1. Superiority of Spirit: He was convinced of the superior approach of Indian philosophical traditions and believed Vedanta was destined to be the religion of mankind. 2. Countering the West: His teachings gave Indians the self-confidence needed to stand against the assumed superiority of Western civilization. 3. Pride in the Past: He encouraged people to take pride in their glorious past and cultural heritage, which became a foundation for the budding nationalist movement.
Question 16

Describe Swami Vivekananda's work abroad and its significance.

Answer:
Vivekananda was the first great ambassador of Indian culture to the West. 1. Parliament of Religions: At the 1893 Parliament of World Religions in Chicago, his eloquence and fervor made a deep impression on global delegates. 2. Universal Religion: He proclaimed the superiority of Indian culture and described Vedanta as a universal religion. 3. Global Network: He established branches of the Ramakrishna Mission in the USA, leading many Americans and Europeans to accept the spiritual richness of Indian civilization.
Question 17

Who was Jyotiba Phule and what was his contribution to the anti-caste movement?

Answer:
Jyotirao Govindrao Phule, known as Jyotiba Phule, was a prominent 19th-century reformer in Maharashtra. 1. Revolt against Domination: He led a movement against the domination of Brahmins and the prevailing caste restrictions. 2. Rights of the Oppressed: He struggled for the rights of peasants and low-caste people. 3. Liberation: He devoted his life to the liberation of 'untouchables' from all forms of exploitation and opened his own home to people of all castes to lead by example.
Question 18

Explain the role of Jyotiba and Savitribai Phule in the education of women.

Answer:
Jyotiba Phule was a pioneer of women's education. 1. First School: He established a school for girls and, facing a lack of teachers, he taught his wife, Savitribai, so she could teach the students. 2. Expansion: He later opened two more schools for girls and an indigenous school for lower castes. 3. Belief in Enlightenment: He believed that the enlightenment of women and lower-caste people was the only way to combat social evils.
Question 19

What were the 'Satya Shodhak Samaj' and the books written by Jyotiba Phule?

Answer:
1. Satya Shodhak Samaj: Phule formed this 'Society of Seekers of Truth' to carry out his social reform activities and advocate for social justice. 2. Literary Work: He wrote two very influential books: 'Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak' and 'Ghulamgiri' (Slavery). These books attacked the authoritarianism of the upper castes and urged the 'proletariat' and peasants to defy social restrictions.
Question 20

Discuss the contributions of Annie Besant to the Theosophical Movement in India.

Answer:
Annie Besant, a British socialist, became the President of the Theosophical Society in 1907. 1. Revivalism: She advocated for the revival of ancient religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism. 2. Education: She started the Central Hindu School in Banaras to help Indians achieve their goals through their own ancient ideals. 3. Social Reform: Under her leadership, the society opposed child marriage, advocated for the abolition of caste, and worked for the upliftment of widows and outcasts.
Question 21

Explain Annie Besant's involvement in Indian politics and the Home Rule League.

Answer:
Annie Besant was unique because she bridged social reform and political activism. 1. Home Rule League: In 1914, she launched the Home Rule League to campaign for democracy in India and dominion status within the British Empire. 2. Leadership: Her popularity led to her election as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1917. 3. Advocacy: She fought for secularism, women's rights, and workers' rights, playing a significant role in arousing Indian nationalism.
Question 22

Who was Veeresalingam Kandukuri? Outline his social reform activities in Andhra Pradesh.

Answer:
Veeresalingam Kandukuri was a renowned scholar and reformer often called the 'Prophet of Modern Andhra'. 1. Women's Education: He established a girls' school in 1874 and started magazines like 'Vivekavardhini' and 'Satihitabobhini' to advocate for women's rights. 2. Widow Remarriage: He started a Remarriage Association and arranged the first widow remarriage in Andhra in 1881. 3. Corruption: He used his writings to criticize misconceptions and bribery among government employees.
Question 23

Discuss the philosophy and work of Shri Narayana Guru in Kerala.

Answer:
Shri Narayana Guru was a spiritual leader who brought social transformation to Kerala. 1. SNDP: He established the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (1903) to work for literacy. 2. Temple Reform: To oppose caste discrimination, he consecrated temples that were open to all castes and trained lower-caste men to be priests. 3. Universalism: His philosophy of 'One caste, one religion, and one God for man' promoted inter-caste harmony and challenged the social consciousness of the state.
Question 24

Analyze the contributions of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to Muslim social reform.

Answer:
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the most important reformer among Muslims in the 19th century. 1. Modernization: He believed that Muslims could improve their lives only by imbibing Western scientific knowledge. 2. Religious Rationalism: He struggled against blind obedience to tradition and ignorance, encouraging tolerance and broad-mindedness. 3. Status of Women: He wrote in favor of raising women's status, removing the purdah system, and condemning polygamy and easy divorce.
Question 25

Explain the significance of the Aligarh Movement.

Answer:
The Aligarh Movement was centered around the Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental (M.A.O.) College founded by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. 1. Educational Hub: It served as a center for spreading Western sciences and culture among Muslims. 2. University: The college eventually grew into the Aligarh Muslim University. 3. Reformist Zeal: The movement aimed to modernize the Muslim community through religious reinterpretation and modern education, moving them away from medieval customs.
Question 26

What was the Singh Sabha Movement? State its main objectives.

Answer:
The Singh Sabha Movement was founded in Amritsar in 1873 to reform the Sikh community. 1. Western Education: Its primary goal was to bring the benefits of modern Western learning to Sikhs. 2. Counter-Missionaries: It sought to counter the influence of Christian missionaries and Hindu revivalists. 3. Educational Network: It established a wide network of Khalsa schools and colleges throughout Punjab to preserve Sikh identity while modernizing.
Question 27

Explain the origins and goal of the Akali Movement.

Answer:
The Akali Movement was an offshoot of the Singh Sabha movement that began in the early 20th century. 1. Goal: Its specific aim was to liberate Sikh Gurudwaras from the control of corrupt 'mahants' or priests who were supported by the British government. 2. Success: The movement led to the passing of a law in 1925, which placed all Gurudwaras under the control of the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC).
Question 28

Define the following terms as used in the context of 19th-century reforms: Polygamy, Female Infanticide, and Sati.

Answer:
1. Polygamy: The practice of having more than one wife at a time, which reformers sought to abolish to improve women's status. 2. Female Infanticide: The evil practice of killing an infant girl immediately after birth, often due to social and economic pressures. 3. Sati: The practice of burning a widow on her husband's funeral pyre, which was declared illegal in 1829.
Question 29

How did the Theosophical Society play a role in arousing nationalism in India?

Answer:
The Theosophical Society helped nationalism by: 1. Restoring Pride: By advocating for the revival of ancient Indian religions and ideals, it helped Indians regain self-respect. 2. Universal Brotherhood: Its preaching of universal brotherhood challenged the divisive nature of the caste system. 3. Political Leadership: Leaders like Annie Besant actively participated in the freedom struggle, linking social reform with the demand for Home Rule.
Question 30

Summarize the social service activities of the Ramakrishna Mission.

Answer:
The Ramakrishna Mission is known for its extensive social work: 1. Healthcare: Opening hospitals, dispensaries, and mobile medical units. 2. Education: Founding schools, colleges, and libraries. 3. Humanitarian Aid: Running orphanages and providing relief during natural disasters like famines or floods. 4. Global Reach: Carrying out these activities not just in India, but also in countries like Sri Lanka and Myanmar.
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Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
What were the key social practices Raja Rammohan Roy opposed?
Answer
He opposed the worship of idols, the rigidity of the caste system, and meaningless religious rituals.
Question
How did Raja Rammohan Roy advocate for the upliftment of women?
Answer
He advocated for education, property rights, and condemned polygamy, child marriage, and the custom of Sati.
Question
Which Governor-General passed a law in 1829 to ban Sati, influenced by Raja Rammohan Roy's campaigns?
Answer
Lord William Bentinck.
Question
The philosophy of the Brahmo Samaj, which was supported by the _____, emphasized that all truth is based in reason.
Answer
Vedas and the Upanishads
Question
Which educational institutions did Raja Rammohan Roy help in founding?
Answer
The Hindu College, the English School, and the Vedanta College in Calcutta.
Question
Raja Rammohan Roy is often known by what honorary title?
Answer
The Father of Modern India.
Question
Which social reformer, an educator by profession, received the title 'Vidyasagar' for his deep knowledge of Sanskrit?
Answer
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
Question
What motivated Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar to champion the cause of widow remarriage?
Answer
He witnessed the pathetic and tortured conditions of child widows.
Question
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar played a key role in the British government passing which landmark Act?
Answer
The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act.
Question
How many schools for girls did Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar establish to promote female education?
Answer
He established approximately 35 schools exclusively for girls.
Question
Besides widow remarriage, what other social evil prevalent in Bengal did Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar fight against?
Answer
The system of polygamy.
Question
Who founded the Arya Samaj in 1875 in Bombay?
Answer
Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
Question
What was the motto of Swami Dayanand Saraswati regarding the Vedas?
Answer
Go back to the Vedas.
Question
What was the Arya Samaj's stance on idol-worship?
Answer
It preached against idol-worship and taught people to have faith in one God (monotheism).
Question
The Arya Samaj disregarded the caste system and opened its membership to which groups?
Answer
The lower castes and other depressed classes.
Question
What was the name of the movement started by the Arya Samaj to bring back Hindus who had converted to other religions?
Answer
The Shudhi Movement.
Question
How did the Arya Samaj promote the equality of women?
Answer
It opposed child marriage, encouraged widow remarriage, and set up schools for women's education.
Question
What is the name of the book written by Swami Dayanand Saraswati that contains the philosophy of the Arya Samaj?
Answer
Satyarth Prakash.
Question
What type of educational institutions did the Arya Samaj open?
Answer
Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (D.A.V.) schools and colleges.
Question
Where was the first D.A.V college established in 1886?
Answer
Lahore.
Question
Who was Swami Vivekananda's guru, from whom he learned about the superiority of Indian philosophy and spirituality?
Answer
Ramakrishna Paramahansa.
Question
Swami Vivekananda founded which organization in 1897?
Answer
The Ramakrishna Mission.
Question
What are the three main aims of the Ramakrishna Mission?
Answer
To manifest divinity inherent in man, to strive for synthesis and harmony among various faiths, and to take up the service of mankind.
Question
What was Swami Vivekananda's core belief about service to humanity?
Answer
He was a great humanist who believed that service to mankind was service to God.
Question
At which major international event in 1893 did Swami Vivekananda make a deep impression on the delegates?
Answer
The Parliament of World Religions held at Chicago in the United States of America.
Question
What became the centre of the Ramakrishna Mission's activities, opening branches and social service institutions all over India?
Answer
The Belur Math (near Kolkata).
Question
Who was Jyotiba Phule?
Answer
A prominent social reformer who led the movement against prevailing caste-restrictions in India.
Question
Jyotiba Phule was greatly influenced by which book by Thomas Paine?
Answer
The Rights of Man.
Question
What did Jyotiba Phule believe was the only solution to combat social evils?
Answer
The enlightenment of women and the lower caste people through education.
Question
Who helped Jyotiba Phule teach in the girls' school he established?
Answer
His wife, Savitribai Phule.
Question
To help young widows, Jyotiba Phule established an _____ for them.
Answer
ashram
Question
Jyotiba Phule attacked the orthodox Brahmans and other upper castes, and urged the _____ and _____ to defy the restrictions imposed on them.
Answer
peasants; proletariat
Question
In what year and city was the Singh Sabha Movement founded?
Answer
It was founded in 1873 in Amritsar.
Question
What was the main objective of the Singh Sabha Movement?
Answer
To bring the benefits of western education and learning to the Sikh community.
Question
Which movement, an offshoot of the Singh Sabha, began in the early 20th century to liberate Sikh gurdwaras?
Answer
The Akali Movement.
Question
Term: Polygamy
Answer
It refers to the practice of having more than one wife at a time.
Question
Term: Female Infanticide
Answer
It refers to the evil practice of killing an infant girl just after her birth.
Question
Term: Sati
Answer
It refers to the practice of burning of a widow on the funeral pyre of her husband.
Question
Who founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828?
Answer
Raja Rammohan Roy.
Question
What were the objectives of the Brahmo Samaj?
Answer
Saving Hinduism from the evils of the caste system and superstition, and launching a movement for the abolition of Sati.
Question
Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897?
Answer
Swami Vivekananda.
Question
What were the objectives of the Ramakrishna Mission?
Answer
To manifest divinity inherent in man; to strive for a synthesis and harmony among various faiths; and to take up the service of mankind.
Question
Who founded the Aligarh Movement in 1875?
Answer
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.
Question
What was the main objective of the Aligarh Movement?
Answer
Modernisation of Indian Muslims through religious reinterpretation, social reform and modern education.
Question
Who founded the Satya Shodak Samaj in 1873?
Answer
Jyotiba Phule.
Question
What was the objective of the Satya Shodak Samaj?
Answer
To achieve social justice for the weaker sections of society.
Question
Who founded the SNDP movement in 1903?
Answer
Shri Narayana Guru.
Question
What did the SNDP movement demand?
Answer
It demanded temple-entry for the people of lower castes and simplified rituals for marriage, religious worship, and funerals.
Question
Who was the prominent leader associated with the Theosophical Movement in India, starting around 1893?
Answer
Mrs. Annie Besant.
Question
What were the objectives of the Theosophical Movement?
Answer
It advocated the revival and strengthening of ancient religions of India, opposed child marriage, and worked for the uplift of outcasts.
Question
The Akali Movement in the early 20th century aimed to liberate the Sikh gurdwaras from the control of whom?
Answer
Corrupt priests (mahants).
Question
Whose work in the social field was responsible for the passage of the Hindu Widow's Remarriage Act?
Answer
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
Question
Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj had what similar ideals?
Answer
Monotheism, equality of women, and opposition to social evils.
Question
Swami Dayanand believed the destiny of India lay in the revival of the _____.
Answer
Vedas
Question
The original name of Swami Vivekananda, a disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahansa, was _____.
Answer
Narendra Nath
Question
Who worked for gender equality and against caste-restrictions?
Answer
Jyotiba Phule.
Question
What were two organizations formed by Raja Rammohan Roy?
Answer
The Brahmo Samaj and the Vedanta College.
Question
What were two slogans given by Swami Dayanand Saraswati?
Answer
"Go back to the Vedas" and a belief in monotheism (one God).
Question
What were two books written by Jyotiba Phule?
Answer
The source material does not name specific books written by him, but mentions his writings favored raising women's status.
Question
Name two Sikh movements mentioned in the text.
Answer
The Singh Sabha Movement and The Akali Movement.