SOCIO-RELIGIOUS REFORMS - Questions & Answers
I. Name the following:
1. Two organisations formed by Raja Rammohan Roy.
(a) Atmiya Sabha (b) Brahmo Samaj
2. Two men who carried on the work done by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
(a) Mahatma Hans Raj (b) Lala Lajpat Rai
3. Two slogans given by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
(a) "Go Back to the Vedas" (b) "India for the Indians"
4. Two books written by Jyotiba Phule.
(a) Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak (b) Ghulamgiri
5. Two Sikh movements.
(a) Singh Sabha Movement (b) Akali Movement
II. Match the following:
1. Gift of Monotheists — (d) Raja Rammohan Roy
Answer: 1 — (d)
2. Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act — (e) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Answer: 2 — (e)
3. Satyarth Prakash — (b) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
Answer: 3 — (b)
4. Parliament of World Religions — (c) Swami Vivekananda
Answer: 4 — (c)
5. Theosophical Society — (a) Annie Besant
Answer: 5 — (a)
III. Fill in the blanks:
1. Lord William Bentinck passed a law abolishing the practice of sati.
2. According to Swami Dayanand Saraswati, the destiny of India lay in the revival of the Vedic religion.
3. Narendra Nath, a disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahansa, was popularly known as Swami Vivekananda.
4. Annie Besant started the Central Hindu School in Banaras.
5. The Akali Movement aimed at liberating the gurudwaras from the control of corrupt mahants.
IV. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) A. Choose the correct option.
1. Which of the following was not a belief of Raja Rammohan Roy?
(a) Monotheism (b) Belief in rituals (c) Equality of women (d) Philosophy of Vedanta
Answer: (b) Belief in rituals
2. Whose work in the social field was responsible for the passage of Hindu Widow's Remarriage Act?
(a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (b) Swami Dayanand Saraswati (c) Swami Vivekananda (d) Annie Besant
Answer: (a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
3. Swami Dayanand : Infallibility of Vedas :: Raja Rammohan Roy : Western Education.
(a) Western Education (b) Western thought (c) Infallibility of Vedas (d) All of the above
Answer: (c) Infallibility of Vedas
4. Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj had similar ideals such as
(a) Monotheism (b) Equality of Women (c) Opposition to social evils (d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
5. Jyotiba Phule was greatly influenced by
(a) Renaissance in Europe (b) Thomas Paine's 'The Rights of Man' (c) Socio-religious movements in India (d) All of the above
Answer: (b) Thomas Paine's 'The Rights of Man'
6. Which of the following was advocated by the Theosophist Movement?
(a) Revival of ancient religions. (b) Universal brotherhood of man. (c) Revival of ancient Indian ideals and institutions. (d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
7. Jyotiba Phule worked
(a) against caste-restrictions (b) for gender equality (c) for education of girls (d) all of the above
Answer: (d) all of the above
8. Which of the following sets is incorrect?
(a) Satya Shodhak Samaj: Jyotiba Phule (b) Theosophical Society: Annie Besant (c) Remarriage Association: Veeresalingam Kandukuri (d) Brahmo Samaj: Swami Dayanand Saraswati
Answer: (d) Brahmo Samaj: Swami Dayanand Saraswati
B. Given below are two statements (P) and (Q). How are they related?
1. (P) The British introduced western education to serve their vested interests.
(Q) The spirit of renaissance pervaded India.
Answer: (c) (P) and (Q) are true.
2. (P) British conquest exposed the weaknesses in the prevalent social setup in India.
(Q) In the nineteenth century there took birth many socio-religious reform movements.
Answer: (a) (P) is the reason for (Q).
V. Answer the following questions:
1. Explain the factors that led to the birth of socio-religious reform movements in India.
The factors included: (i) the British conquest which exposed the weaknesses and decay of Indian society; (ii) the influence of modern western thought such as science, reason, and humanism; (iii) the discovery by Indian scholars that many traditional beliefs were no longer useful and needed to be discarded; and (iv) the realization that certain aspects of India’s cultural heritage had intrinsic value and needed to be revived.
2. Why did religious and social reform movements go hand in hand?
They went hand in hand because every social custom in India had its roots in religious injunctions and sanctions. Therefore, it was impossible to reform society without also addressing the religious beliefs that supported those social practices.
3. With regard to Brahmo Samaj, answer the following questions.
(a) Who founded the Brahmo Samaj? Why?
(b) What were the ideals of Brahmo Samaj?
(a) Raja Rammohan Roy founded the Brahma Sabha in 1828 (later named Brahmo Samaj) with the object of saving Hinduism from the evils of the caste system and superstition.
(b) The ideals included: (i) Monotheism or the worship of one God; (ii) emphasis on human dignity and brotherhood; (iii) opposition to meaningless rituals and idol-worship; (iv) equality of women and upliftment of their social status; (v) basing society on the philosophy of Vedanta and reason; and (vi) the promotion of western education.
4. Explain the work done by the following with regard to socio-religious reforms:
(a) The Arya Samaj.
(b) The Theosophical Society.
(a) The Arya Samaj: Founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati, it advocated the revival of Vedic religion ("Go Back to the Vedas"). It opposed idol-worship and the caste system, supported widow remarriage, started the Shudhi movement to bring back converts, and established a network of Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (D.A.V.) schools.
(b) The Theosophical Society: Led by Annie Besant in India, it advocated the revival of ancient religions like Hinduism and Buddhism. It preached universal brotherhood, opened schools for the depressed classes and women, opposed child marriage, and worked to improve the condition of widows.
5. The most important reformer among the Muslims in the 19th century was Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. In this context, state briefly:
(a) His views on religion.
(b) His contribution to modern education.
(a) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan believed the Quran was the authoritative work for Islam and other writings were secondary. He was against fanaticism and narrow-mindedness, encouraging tolerance and a rational approach to religion.
(b) He believed Muslims could improve only by imbibing western scientific knowledge. He founded the Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental (M.A.O.) College at Aligarh, which later became the Aligarh Muslim University, and translated many western books into Urdu.
6. Write short notes on the contribution made by the following to the socio-religious reforms:
(a) Jyotiba Phule
(b) Shri Narayana Guru
(c) Veeresalingam Kandukuri.
(a) Jyotiba Phule: He led the movement against caste restrictions and the domination of Brahmins. He founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj, pioneered girls' education by opening schools, and fought for the rights of peasants and the liberation of untouchables.
(b) Shri Narayana Guru: A spiritual leader from Kerala, he established the SNDP to promote literacy and social transformation. He advocated "One caste, one religion, and one God for man," consecrated temples open to all, and simplified rituals to bring harmony.
(c) Veeresalingam Kandukuri: Known as the father of the Renaissance in Andhra, he strongly advocated for widow remarriage and girls' education. He started journals like "Vivekavardhini" to criticize superstitions and corruption, and established a Widow Home in Rajahmundry.
Study the picture and answer the following questions:
(a) Identify the person in the picture. Name the organisation established by him?
The person in the picture is Swami Vivekananda. He established the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.
(b) What were the aims of the organisation formed by him.
The aims were: (i) To manifest the divinity inherent in man; (ii) To strive for synthesis and harmony among various faiths; and (iii) To take up the service of mankind as service to God.
(c) State any three ideals of the person in the picture. How did he spread his mission abroad?
Ideals: (i) Belief in the essential oneness of all religions; (ii) faith in the spiritual superiority of Indian philosophy; and (iii) emphasis on liberty, equality, and free thinking. He spread his mission abroad by attending the Parliament of World Religions in Chicago (1893) and establishing branches of the Ramakrishna Mission in the United States and other western countries.
Question 1What did the British conquest expose regarding Indian society in the 19th century?
Question 2Which two modern doctrines particularly impressed educated Indians during the Renaissance?
Question 3Why did social and religious reforms in India go hand in hand?
Question 4Where did Raja Rammohan Roy study Sanskrit literature and Hindu Philosophy?
Question 5Raja Rammohan Roy studied the Quran and Persian literature in which city?
Question 6Why did Raja Rammohan Roy learn Greek and Hebrew?
Question 7What was the main aim of the Atmiya Sabha started by Raja Rammohan Roy?
Question 8In what year did Raja Rammohan Roy establish the Brahma Sabha?
Question 9The Brahma Sabha was later renamed as what?
Question 10Which book did Raja Rammohan Roy write in 1809 to argue for the worship of a single God?
Question 11What language was 'Gift to Monotheists' originally written in?
Question 12To prove his point about monotheism, which texts did Rammohan Roy translate into Bengali?
Question 13Which social evil was specifically criticized and agitated against by the Brahmo Samaj?
Question 14Which Governor-General passed the law making Sati illegal in 1829?
Question 15Under the law of 1829, the practice of Sati was punishable as what?
Question 16Raja Rammohan Roy is widely known as the:
Question 17Which educational institution was NOT founded or helped by Raja Rammohan Roy?
Question 18Who was the missionary that Raja Rammohan Roy helped to start English schools?
Question 19Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar received his title 'Vidyasagar' from which college?
Question 20What does the title 'Vidyasagar' mean?
Question 21Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar joined which college as a Lecturer?
Question 22How many schools did Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar arrange to be built within two months?
Question 23To encourage gender equality, how many schools did Vidyasagar establish exclusively for girls?
Question 24Which act was passed due to the efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar?
Question 25Which movement is Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar associated with as a key figure?
Question 26What was the core belief of Swami Dayanand Saraswati regarding India's destiny?
Question 27In what year and city was the Arya Samaj founded?
Question 28What was the famous motto given by Swami Dayanand Saraswati?
Question 29What was the purpose of the 'Shudhi Movement' started by Swami Dayanand?
Question 30Which book contains the philosophy and social teachings of the Arya Samaj?
Question 31What does D.A.V. stand for in the context of Arya Samaj schools?
Question 32Where was the first D.A.V. college established in 1886?
Question 33Who among the following did NOT carry on the work of Swami Dayanand after his death?
Question 34According to the text, what was the basic difference between Rammohan Roy and Dayanand Saraswati?
Question 35In what year did Swami Vivekananda found the Ramakrishna Mission?
Question 36What is a primary aim of the Ramakrishna Mission?
Question 37What did Swami Vivekananda believe regarding all religions?
Question 38Which city hosted the Parliament of World Religions in 1893 attended by Vivekananda?
Question 39Where is the international headquarters of the Ramakrishna Mission located?
Question 40Which country outside of India did Swami Vivekananda establish many branches of the mission?
Question 41Jyotiba Phule led a movement against which prevailing social restriction?
Question 42Which famous book by Thomas Paine influenced Jyotiba Phule?
Question 43Who was Jyotiba Phule's wife who supported his quest for women's education?
Question 44Which organization was formed by Jyotiba Phule in 1873?
Question 45What does 'Satya Shodhak Samaj' translate to?
Question 46What title was Jyotiba Phule honored with?
Question 47Which of these books was written by Jyotiba Phule?
Question 48Where were the international headquarters of the Theosophical Society located?
Question 49In what year did Annie Besant become the President of the Theosophical Society?
Question 50Which ancient religions did the Theosophists advocate the revival of?
Statement 1The British conquest exposed the weaknesses and decay of Indian society.
Statement 2Indian reformers were particularly impressed by the doctrines of reason and humanism.
Statement 3Social customs in India had no roots in religious injunctions.
Statement 4Raja Rammohan Roy is known as the 'Father of Modern India'.
Statement 5Raja Rammohan Roy studied the Quran in Varanasi.
Statement 6Rammohan Roy learned Greek and Hebrew to study the Bible in the original.
Statement 7The Atmiya Sabha was started to promote the caste system in Bengal.
Statement 8The Brahma Sabha was established in 1828.
Statement 9The Brahmo Samaj preached monotheism or the worship of one God.
Statement 10Rammohan Roy wrote 'Gift to Monotheists' in Bengali.
Statement 11Rammohan Roy published a Bengali translation of the Vedas and Upanishads.
Statement 12The Brahmo Samaj supported the practice of Sati.
Statement 13Lord William Bentinck passed a law in 1829 making Sati illegal.
Statement 14The law of 1829 made Sati punishable as culpable homicide.
Statement 15The Brahmo Samaj was based on the philosophy of Vedanta.
Statement 16Raja Rammohan Roy opposed the introduction of Western education in India.
Statement 17Rammohan Roy helped found the Hindu College in Calcutta.
Statement 18Rammohan Roy brought out journals in Bengali, Persian, Hindi, and English.
Statement 19Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar received his title from the Fort William College.
Statement 20Vidyasagar was appointed as the special inspector of schools in 1855.
Statement 21Vidyasagar arranged for 20 schools to be built within two months.
Statement 22Vidyasagar established 30 schools exclusively for boys.
Statement 23Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a staunch believer in the remarriage of widows.
Statement 24Vidyasagar played a key role in the passing of the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act.
Statement 25Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875.
Statement 26The Arya Samaj was founded in Calcutta.
Statement 27Swami Dayanand's motto was 'Go Back to the Vedas'.
Statement 28The Arya Samaj preached in favor of idol-worship.
Statement 29The Shudhi Movement was started by the Brahmo Samaj.
Statement 30The Shudhi Movement aimed to bring back Hindu converts to Hinduism.
Statement 31The Arya Samaj opposed the purdah system and child marriage.
Statement 32Swami Dayanand Saraswati wrote the book 'Satyarth Prakash'.
Statement 33D.A.V. stands for Dayanand Anglo-Vedic.
Statement 34The first D.A.V. college was established at Lahore in 1886.
Statement 35Swami Dayanand Saraswati died at Ajmer in 1883.
Statement 36Raja Rammohan Roy believed in the infallibility of the Vedas.
Statement 37Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.
Statement 38Vivekananda believed that service to mankind was service to God.
Statement 39Swami Vivekananda attended the Parliament of World Religions in Chicago in 1893.
Statement 40The Belur Math is located near Mumbai.
Statement 41The Ramakrishna Mission has branches in Sri Lanka and Myanmar.
Statement 42Jyotiba Phule was a prominent social reformer of the 20th century.
Statement 43Phule revolted against the domination of the Brahmins.
Statement 44Jyotiba Phule was influenced by Thomas Paine's 'The Rights of Man'.
Statement 45Savitribai Phule supported her husband Jyotiba's quest for women's education.
Statement 46Jyotiba Phule established the Satya Shodhak Samaj.
Statement 47Jyotiba Phule wrote the book 'Ghulamgiri'.
Statement 48Phule was honored with the title of 'Mahatma'.
Statement 49Annie Besant was the President of the Theosophical Society.
Statement 50The headquarters of the Theosophical Society were in Madras (Adyar).
Question 1The British conquest exposed the weaknesses and ______ of Indian society.
Question 2Educated Indians were particularly impressed by modern science and the doctrines of reason and ______.
Question 3The spirit of ______ (new birth) pervaded the whole country during the reform movements.
Question 4Social customs in India had their roots in religious ______ and sanctions.
Question 5Raja Rammohan Roy studied Sanskrit literature and Hindu Philosophy at ______.
Question 6To study the Bible in the original, Raja Rammohan Roy learned ______ and Hebrew.
Question 7Raja Rammohan Roy started the ______ Sabha to do away with religious and social evils in Bengal.
Question 8The Brahma Sabha was established in the year ______.
Question 9The Brahma Sabha was later renamed as the ______ Samaj.
Question 10Rammohan Roy wrote ______ in 1809 in Persian to support monotheism.
Question 11Rammohan Roy translated the Vedas and five principal ______ into Bengali.
Question 12The Brahmo Samaj preached the equality and ______ of mankind.
Question 13Lord ______ passed a law in 1829 making Sati illegal.
Question 14The law of 1829 classified Sati as ______ homicide.
Question 15The Brahmo Samaj was based on the philosophy of ______, supported by the Vedas.
Question 16Raja Rammohan Roy helped David Hare start schools where children could learn ______.
Question 17Raja Rammohan Roy is known as the '______ of Modern India'.
Question 18Ishwar Chandra received the title ______ from Sanskrit College for his in-depth knowledge.
Question 19Vidyasagar was appointed as the special ______ of schools in 1855.
Question 20Vidyasagar established ______ schools exclusively for girls to encourage gender equality.
Question 21Due to Vidyasagar's efforts, the British passed the ______ Act.
Question 22Vidyasagar was a key figure of the ______ Renaissance.
Question 23Swami Dayanand Saraswati became a ______ (an ascetic) at a young age.
Question 24Dayanand Saraswati founded the ______ Samaj in 1875.
Question 25The Arya Samaj was founded in the city of ______.
Question 26Swami Dayanand's motto was 'Go Back to the ______'.
Question 27The ______ Movement was started to bring back Hindu converts to their original faith.
Question 28The book ______ contains the philosophy and teachings of the Arya Samaj.
Question 29Arya Samaj schools and colleges are known as ______ institutions.
Question 30The first D.A.V. college was established at ______ in 1886.
Question 31Dayanand Saraswati died at ______ in 1883.
Question 32Lala Lajpat Rai and Mahatma ______ were among those who carried on Dayanand's work.
Question 33Rammohan Roy believed in Western education, whereas Dayanand Saraswati believed in the ______ of the Vedas.
Question 34Swami Vivekananda was a disciple of ______.
Question 35Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission in ______.
Question 36Vivekananda believed that service to ______ was service to God.
Question 37In 1893, Vivekananda attended the Parliament of World ______ at Chicago.
Question 38The ______ Math near Kolkata became the centre of the Ramakrishna Mission’s activities.
Question 39Vivekananda's teachings gave Indians ______ against the assumed superiority of western civilization.
Question 40The Ramakrishna Mission has international branches in Sri Lanka and ______.
Question 41Jyotiba Phule was greatly influenced by Thomas Paine's book 'The ______'.
Question 42Jyotiba Phule's wife, ______, supported him in providing education for girls.
Question 43Phule established the ______ Samaj (Society of Seekers of Truth).
Question 44Jyotiba Phule was honored with the title of ______.
Question 45Phule wrote the book ______ to attack the caste system.
Question 46Annie Besant was a member of the ______ Society.
Question 47The international headquarters of the Theosophical Society were in ______, Madras.
Question 48Annie Besant started the ______ Hindu School in Banaras.
Question 49Besant helped launch the ______ Rule League to campaign for democracy in India.
Question 50Annie Besant was elected President of the Indian National Congress in ______.
Question 1
What exposed the weaknesses and decay of Indian society in the 19th century?
Question 2
What spirit pervaded the country during the socio-religious reform movements?
Question 3
Who is known as the 'Father of Modern India'?
Question 4
Where did Raja Rammohan Roy study Sanskrit literature?
Question 5
Where did Raja Rammohan Roy study the Quran?
Question 6
Which Sabha did Raja Rammohan Roy start in Calcutta?
Question 7
In which year was the Brahma Sabha established?
Question 8
What was the Brahma Sabha later named?
Question 9
What is the worship of one God called?
Question 10
Which Persian book did Rammohan Roy write in 1809?
Question 11
Which Bengali translation did Rammohan Roy publish to prove monotheism?
Question 12
Which social evil did Raja Rammohan Roy agitate against?
Question 13
Who was the Governor-General that abolished Sati?
Question 14
In which year was Sati made illegal?
Question 15
The Brahmo Samaj was based on which philosophy?
Question 16
Which college did Rammohan Roy help found in Calcutta?
Question 17
Who was the missionary that helped Rammohan Roy start schools?
Question 18
Which social reformer received the title 'Vidyasagar'?
Question 19
From which college did Ishwar Chandra receive his title?
Question 20
In which year was Vidyasagar appointed special inspector of schools?
Question 21
How many schools did Vidyasagar arrange to build in two months?
Question 22
How many schools did Vidyasagar establish specifically for girls?
Question 23
Which Act was passed due to the efforts of Vidyasagar?
Question 24
Who founded the Arya Samaj?
Question 25
In which year was the Arya Samaj founded?
Question 26
Where was the Arya Samaj founded?
Question 27
What was Swami Dayanand's motto?
Question 28
What movement did Dayanand start to bring back Hindu converts?
Question 29
What is the name of the book written by Swami Dayanand?
Question 30
What do the initials D.A.V. stand for?
Question 31
Where was the first D.A.V. college established?
Question 32
In which year did Swami Dayanand die?
Question 33
Where did Swami Dayanand die?
Question 34
Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission?
Question 35
In which year was the Ramakrishna Mission founded?
Question 36
Whose disciple was Swami Vivekananda?
Question 37
Where was the Parliament of World Religions held in 1893?
Question 38
Where is the centre of the Ramakrishna Mission's activities?
Question 39
What was Swami Vivekananda's original name?
Question 40
Who founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj?
Question 41
In which year was the Satya Shodhak Samaj formed?
Question 42
Which book by Thomas Paine influenced Jyotiba Phule?
Question 43
Who was Jyotiba Phule's wife and fellow educator?
Question 44
What title was Jyotiba Phule honored with?
Question 45
Which book did Jyotiba Phule write against the caste system?
Question 46
Who became the President of the Theosophical Society in 1907?
Question 47
Where were the headquarters of the Theosophical Society located?
Question 48
Which school did Annie Besant start in Banaras?
Question 49
Which league did Annie Besant launch in 1914?
Question 50
In which year was Annie Besant President of the Indian National Congress?
Question 1
Explain the factors that led to the birth of socio-religious reform movements in India during the 19th century.
Question 2
Why did religious and social reform movements in India go hand in hand?
Question 3
Discuss the early life and educational background of Raja Rammohan Roy.
Question 4
Enumerate the main ideals and objectives of the Brahmo Samaj.
Question 5
Describe the contribution of Raja Rammohan Roy toward the abolition of Sati.
Question 6
Explain Raja Rammohan Roy's contribution to the field of education and journalism.
Question 7
Who was Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar? Explain the significance of the title 'Vidyasagar'.
Question 8
Detail Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's efforts in the field of education in Bengal.
Question 9
Explain Vidyasagar's role in the movement for widow remarriage.
Question 10
Discuss the foundational principles of the Arya Samaj.
Question 11
What was the 'Shudhi Movement' started by Swami Dayanand Saraswati?
Question 12
Analyze the impact of the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (D.A.V.) institutions on Indian education.
Question 13
Compare the approaches of Raja Rammohan Roy and Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
Question 14
State the aims and objectives of the Ramakrishna Mission.
Question 15
How did Swami Vivekananda's teachings help in building national self-confidence?
Question 16
Describe Swami Vivekananda's work abroad and its significance.
Question 17
Who was Jyotiba Phule and what was his contribution to the anti-caste movement?
Question 18
Explain the role of Jyotiba and Savitribai Phule in the education of women.
Question 19
What were the 'Satya Shodhak Samaj' and the books written by Jyotiba Phule?
Question 20
Discuss the contributions of Annie Besant to the Theosophical Movement in India.
Question 21
Explain Annie Besant's involvement in Indian politics and the Home Rule League.
Question 22
Who was Veeresalingam Kandukuri? Outline his social reform activities in Andhra Pradesh.
Question 23
Discuss the philosophy and work of Shri Narayana Guru in Kerala.
Question 24
Analyze the contributions of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to Muslim social reform.
Question 25
Explain the significance of the Aligarh Movement.
Question 26
What was the Singh Sabha Movement? State its main objectives.
Question 27
Explain the origins and goal of the Akali Movement.
Question 28
Define the following terms as used in the context of 19th-century reforms: Polygamy, Female Infanticide, and Sati.
Question 29
How did the Theosophical Society play a role in arousing nationalism in India?
Question 30
Summarize the social service activities of the Ramakrishna Mission.