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United Nations - Questions & Answers

I. Name the following:


1. Two leaders associated with the formation of the UN. Answer:

(a) Franklin D. Roosevelt (b) Winston Churchill

2. Two principal organs of the UN. Answer:

(a) General Assembly (b) Security Council

3. Two permanent members of the UN. Answer:

(a) United States of America (b) United Kingdom

4. Two official languages of the UN. Answer:

(a) English (b) French

5. First two Secretary-Generals of the UN. Answer:

(a) Trygve Lie (b) Dag Hammarskjoeld

II. Fill in the blanks:


1. The League of Nations was established in Geneva (Switzerland) in 1920.

2. October 24 is celebrated every year throughout the world as the United Nations Day.

3. Disarmament, Decolonisation and Development are the three new objectives set up by the UN.

4. General Assembly is like the International Parliament where all the important issues are discussed.

5. Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer of the UN.

III. Match the following columns:


1. Washington Declaration - (c) Declaration of the United Nations.

2. Veto Power - (e) Five permanent members of the UN.

3. UN Secretary-General - (a) Appointed by the General Assembly on the Security Council's recommendation.

4. UN Headquarters - (b) New York

5. Palau - (d) Last Trust Territory of the UN.

IV. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)

A. Choose the correct option.

1. Name the organisation that failed to maintain world peace. Answer:

(b) The League of Nations

2. Which of the following did not play a role in the formation of the United Nations? Answer:

(c) Paris Conference

3. What do countries need to sign to become members of the UNO? Answer:

(c) UN Charter

4. Which of the following was NOT an objective of the United Nations? Answer:

(b) To achieve national cooperation in solving problems

5. How many Principal organs are there in the UN? Answer:

(b) Six

6. Which Principal organ is the executive body of the UN? Answer:

(d) The Security Council

7. Which of the following describes the flag of the UN? Answer:

(c) Light blue with the UN emblem in white

8. Where is the headquarters of the International court of Justice? Answer:

(b) Hague

9. The Security Council comprises 15 members of which Answer:

(a) Permanent-5; Non-permanent-10

10. The veto power of a permanent member of the Security Council Answer:

(a) renders the Council powerless.

V. Answer the following questions:


1. State the principles of the United Nations.

Answer: The principles of the United Nations include:

(1) All members have sovereign equality;

(2) Members must abide by the Charter;

(3) Members should settle international disputes by peaceful means;

(4) Members should abstain from the threat or use of force against any state;

(5) Members should assist the UN in any action it takes; and

(6) The UN should not interfere in the internal affairs of any member state.

2. How can we say that the General Assembly is like an International Parliament?

Answer: The General Assembly is like an International Parliament because all member states of the UN are represented in it, important international issues are discussed there, and decisions on significant matters are made by a majority vote of the members present.

3. Name the permanent members of the Security Council.

Answer: The five permanent members of the Security Council are the United Kingdom, the United States of America, France, Russia, and China.

4. Why is the Security Council an important organ of the United Nations?

Answer: The Security Council is an important organ because it serves as the executive body of the UN and is primarily responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It has the power to recommend peaceful settlements or even take military action against an aggressor.

5. In the context of the Veto Power, answer the following questions:

(a) What is the meaning of the right to veto?

Answer: The right to veto is a negative vote. If any permanent member votes against a resolution, it cannot be adopted, even if all other members agree to it.

(b) Who has got the veto power?

Answer: The five permanent members of the Security Council (USA, UK, France, Russia, and China) possess the veto power.

6. What is the primary function of the Economic and Social Council?

Answer: The primary function of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is to direct and coordinate the economic, social, humanitarian, and cultural activities of the United Nations and to promote economic and social cooperation among its members.

7. Why was the Trusteeship Council suspended?

Answer: The Trusteeship Council was suspended on November 1, 1994, because all the 11 original trust territories had gained independence and established their own governments, with Palau being the last to do so in October 1994.

8. Enumerate the functions of the General Assembly.

Answer: The functions of the General Assembly include: (1) Discussing matters related to international peace and security; (2) Making recommendations for peaceful settlement of disputes; (3) Reviewing reports from the Security Council and other organs; (4) Approving the UN budget; (5) Electing members of various UN councils and judges for the ICJ; and (6) Appointing the Secretary-General on the recommendation of the Security Council.

9. State the composition and functions of the International Court of Justice.

Answer: The International Court of Justice consists of 15 judges elected for a nine-year term by the General Assembly and the Security Council. Its functions are to resolve legal disputes concerning border and territorial issues and to give legal opinions on international disputes.

VI. Picture Study

Study the picture and answer the following questions: (a) Identify the organisation from the logo given in the picture. When did this organisation come into existence?

Answer: The logo belongs to the United Nations (UN). It formally came into existence on October 24, 1945.

(b) What are the objectives of this organisation?

Answer: The main objectives are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, promote respect for human rights, and cooperate in solving international economic, social, and cultural problems.

(c) What are the main functions of this organisation?

Answer: The main functions include preventing wars, coordinating international efforts to solve global issues, providing a platform for harmonizing the actions of nations, and promoting decolonization and global development.

Project Work

1. Do you think the UN has successfully carried out its objective of maintaining international peace and security in the world? Write three points 'for' and three 'against' the view.

Answer:

For: (1) It has prevented the occurrence of a Third World War for over 75 years; (2) It successfully managed decolonization in many parts of the world; (3) It has provided humanitarian aid and promoted health through agencies like the WHO.

Against: (1) The use of Veto Power often paralyzes the Security Council during major crises; (2) It has failed to stop several localized conflicts and civil wars (e.g., in Syria or Rwanda); (3) It lacks its own standing army and is dependent on member states for peacekeeping forces.

2. As an Indian, how would you support India's candidature for the permanent membership of the UN Security Council? Justify your proposal.

Answer: India's candidature is justified because: (1) India is the world's largest democracy; (2) It is one of the largest contributors of troops to UN Peacekeeping missions; (3) India represents a huge portion of the world's population and is a rapidly growing global economic power, making its inclusion necessary for a more representative and effective Security Council.

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Multiple Choice Questions - Test your understanding with these MCQs. Click "Show Answer" to reveal the correct answer.

Question 1In which city was the League of Nations established in 1920?

Correct Answer: Geneva

Question 2What was the main aim of the League of Nations?

Correct Answer: To establish peace and prevent future wars

Question 3Why was the Second World War considered more disastrous than the First?

Correct Answer: Atomic bombs were used for the first time

Question 4In which month and year did the USA drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

Correct Answer: August 1945

Question 5Which two Allied leaders realized the dangers of war to humanity during WWII?

Correct Answer: Roosevelt and Churchill

Question 6What was the result of the sincere efforts of Allied leaders during WWII?

Correct Answer: The United Nations Organisation (UNO)

Question 7When was the London Declaration signed?

Correct Answer: June 1941

Question 8Which declaration recognized the principle of 'sovereign equality of all states'?

Correct Answer: Atlantic Charter

Question 9How many nations initially signed the Atlantic Charter?

Correct Answer: 26

Question 10When was the term 'United Nations' used for the first time?

Correct Answer: Washington Declaration

Question 11In the Moscow Declaration of 1943, which four nations recognized the urgency of a world organization?

Correct Answer: USA, UK, USSR, China

Question 12At which conference did Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin declare to end fascist aggression?

Correct Answer: Tehran Conference

Question 13Where did representatives meet in 1944 specifically to discuss the formation of the UNO?

Correct Answer: Dumbarton Oaks Mansion

Question 14The meeting to draft the UN Charter was planned during which conference?

Correct Answer: Yalta

Question 15On what date was the UN Charter drafted and signed by 50 nations?

Correct Answer: June 26, 1945

Question 16Which nation is considered the 51st original founding member of the UN?

Correct Answer: Poland

Question 17When did the United Nations formally come into existence?

Correct Answer: October 24, 1945

Question 18How many nations had to ratify the UN Charter for it to come into existence?

Correct Answer: 29

Question 19What is celebrated globally every year on October 24?

Correct Answer: United Nations Day

Question 20Where are the objectives of the United Nations mentioned in the Charter?

Correct Answer: Article 1

Question 21Which of these is a primary objective of the UN?

Correct Answer: To maintain international peace and security

Question 22Which three 'new objectives' have been listed by the UN in addition to the original ones?

Correct Answer: Disarmament, Decolonisation, Development

Question 23According to UN principles, how should members settle international disputes?

Correct Answer: By peaceful means

Question 24The UN should not interfere in the __________ of any member state.

Correct Answer: Internal affairs

Question 25Who is eligible for membership in the United Nations?

Correct Answer: All peace-loving nations that accept the UN Charter

Question 26What is the background color of the UN Flag?

Correct Answer: Light blue

Question 27What does the UN emblem consist of?

Correct Answer: A world map with twin olive branches

Question 28What do the olive branches in the UN emblem denote?

Correct Answer: Peace

Question 29How many official languages does the UN have?

Correct Answer: 6

Question 30Which of these is NOT an official language of the UN?

Correct Answer: German

Question 31How many principal organs does the United Nations have?

Correct Answer: Six

Question 32Where are all UN organs based except for the International Court of Justice?

Correct Answer: New York

Question 33In which country is the International Court of Justice located?

Correct Answer: Netherlands

Question 34Which organ is considered the main organ and is like an International Parliament?

Correct Answer: General Assembly

Question 35How many votes does each member state have in the General Assembly?

Correct Answer: One

Question 36When does the regular session of the General Assembly begin each year?

Correct Answer: Third Tuesday of September

Question 37Which organ elects the non-permanent members of the Security Council?

Correct Answer: General Assembly

Question 38Who appoints the UN Secretary-General?

Correct Answer: The General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council

Question 39Which organ is the executive organ primarily responsible for peace and security?

Correct Answer: Security Council

Question 40The Security Council consists of how many total members?

Correct Answer: 15

Question 41Which of these is NOT a permanent member of the Security Council?

Correct Answer: Germany

Question 42What is the term for a non-permanent member of the Security Council?

Correct Answer: Two years

Question 43Decisions in the Security Council require a majority vote of nine members, including:

Correct Answer: The 5 permanent members

Question 44What is the negative vote of a permanent member of the Security Council called?

Correct Answer: Veto

Question 45Which permanent member had used the Veto Power 122 times up to 2006?

Correct Answer: USSR/Russia

Question 46What happens when a permanent member uses their veto power?

Correct Answer: The Council becomes powerless to adopt that resolution

Question 47Which organ can take military action against an aggressor?

Correct Answer: Security Council

Question 48How many judges serve on the International Court of Justice?

Correct Answer: 15

Question 49What is the term of office for a judge of the International Court of Justice?

Correct Answer: Nine years

Question 50According to ICJ rules, how many judges can be from the same country?

Correct Answer: None (No two from same country)
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Fill in the Blanks - Complete the sentences by filling in the missing words. Click "Show Answer" to check your response.

Question 1The League of Nations was established in ______ in 1920.

Correct Answer: Geneva

Question 2The main aim of the League of Nations was to establish ______ among nations and prevent future wars.

Correct Answer: peace

Question 3The League of Nations failed to prevent the occurrence of the ______.

Correct Answer: Second World War

Question 4During the Second World War, ______ were used for the first time in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Correct Answer: atomic bombs

Question 5The United States dropped atomic bombs on Japan in August ______.

Correct Answer: 1945

Question 6The US President during the formation of the UN was ______.

Correct Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt

Question 7The British Prime Minister who played a key role in the establishment of the UNO was ______.

Correct Answer: Winston Churchill

Question 8The ______ was signed in June 1941 by representatives of Great Britain and its dominions to discuss a world organisation.

Correct Answer: London Declaration

Question 9The ______ issued in August 1941 recognized the principle of sovereign equality of all states.

Correct Answer: Atlantic Charter

Question 10The Washington Declaration was signed by ______ nations on January 1, 1942.

Correct Answer: 26

Question 11The term 'United Nations' was used for the first time in the ______.

Correct Answer: Washington Declaration

Question 12The ______ of Great Britain, USA, USSR, and China issued the Moscow Declaration in 1943.

Correct Answer: Foreign Ministers

Question 13The Moscow Declaration recognized the ______ of establishing an international organisation.

Correct Answer: urgency

Question 14The Soviet leader who met with Roosevelt and Churchill at the Tehran Conference was ______.

Correct Answer: Stalin

Question 15At the Tehran Conference, leaders declared their intention to end ______ aggression.

Correct Answer: fascist

Question 16The ______ Conference held in 1944 was specifically to discuss the formation of the UNO.

Correct Answer: Dumbarton Oaks

Question 17The 'Big Three' met at ______ in February 1945 to plan the drafting of the UN Charter.

Correct Answer: Yalta

Question 18The conference for drafting the UN Charter was held in ______.

Correct Answer: San Francisco

Question 19The UN Charter was drafted and signed by 50 participating nations by June 26, ______.

Correct Answer: 1945

Question 20______ is considered one of the original founding members although it signed the Charter later on October 15.

Correct Answer: Poland

Question 21The United Nations has ______ original founding members.

Correct Answer: 51

Question 22The United Nations formally came into existence on ______.

Correct Answer: October 24, 1945

Question 23The UN Charter was initially ratified by ______ nations.

Correct Answer: 29

Question 24Every year, October 24 is celebrated as ______.

Correct Answer: United Nations Day

Question 25The objectives of the United Nations are mentioned in ______ of the UN Charter.

Correct Answer: Article 1

Question 26One of the primary objectives of the UN is to maintain international ______ and ______.

Correct Answer: peace and security

Question 27The UN aims to develop ______ relations among nations.

Correct Answer: friendly

Question 28The UN promotes and encourages respect for ______ and fundamental freedom.

Correct Answer: human rights

Question 29The three new objectives listed by the UN are ______, Decolonisation, and Development.

Correct Answer: Disarmament

Question 30One principle of the UN is that all members have ______ equality.

Correct Answer: sovereign

Question 31Members of the UN should settle international disputes by ______ means.

Correct Answer: peaceful

Question 32The UN should not ______ in the internal affairs of any member state.

Correct Answer: interfere

Question 33Membership in the UN is open to all ______ nations that accept the Charter's principles.

Correct Answer: peace loving

Question 34The UN flag is ______ in colour with a white emblem in the centre.

Correct Answer: light blue

Question 35The UN emblem features a world map surrounded by twin ______.

Correct Answer: olive branches

Question 36The olive branches on the UN emblem denote ______.

Correct Answer: peace

Question 37The UN has ______ official languages.

Correct Answer: six

Question 38______ and French are two of the six official languages of the UN.

Correct Answer: Arabic

Question 39The United Nations has ______ principal organs.

Correct Answer: six

Question 40The ______ is the main organ of the United Nations where all members are represented.

Correct Answer: General Assembly

Question 41The principal organs of the UN are based in ______ except for the ICJ.

Correct Answer: New York

Question 42The International Court of Justice is located at ______ in the Netherlands.

Correct Answer: The Hague

Question 43In the General Assembly, each state has ______ representatives but only one vote.

Correct Answer: five

Question 44The regular sessions of the General Assembly begin on the third ______ of September.

Correct Answer: Tuesday

Question 45At the beginning of each session, the General Assembly elects a new ______.

Correct Answer: President

Question 46The General Assembly is often compared to an ______.

Correct Answer: International Parliament

Question 47Decisions on important matters in the General Assembly are made by a ______ of members present and voting.

Correct Answer: majority

Question 48The General Assembly appoints the ______ on the recommendation of the Security Council.

Correct Answer: Secretary-General

Question 49The ______ is the executive organ of the United Nations.

Correct Answer: Security Council

Question 50The Security Council consists of ______ members.

Correct Answer: 15
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Short Answer Questions - Practice concise answers to these questions. Click "Show Answer" to reveal the response.
Question 1

In which city was the League of Nations established?

Answer:
Geneva
Question 2

In what year was the League of Nations established?

Answer:
1920
Question 3

What was the main aim of the League of Nations?

Answer:
Establish peace
Question 4

Which major war did the League of Nations fail to prevent?

Answer:
Second World War
Question 5

Which destructive weapon was used for the first time in the Second World War?

Answer:
Atomic bomb
Question 6

On which Japanese city was the first atomic bomb dropped?

Answer:
Hiroshima
Question 7

On which Japanese city was the second atomic bomb dropped?

Answer:
Nagasaki
Question 8

In what month and year were the atomic bombs dropped on Japan?

Answer:
August 1945
Question 9

Who was the US President during the formation of the UN?

Answer:
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Question 10

Who was the British Prime Minister during the formation of the UN?

Answer:
Winston Churchill
Question 11

What does the abbreviation UNO stand for?

Answer:
United Nations Organisation
Question 12

In what month and year was the London Declaration signed?

Answer:
June 1941
Question 13

What was the declaration issued by Roosevelt and Churchill in August 1941 called?

Answer:
Atlantic Charter
Question 14

The Atlantic Charter recognized the principle of sovereign equality of all what?

Answer:
States
Question 15

How many nations originally signed the Atlantic Charter?

Answer:
26
Question 16

On what date did the 26 Allied States meet for the Washington Declaration?

Answer:
January 1, 1942
Question 17

The Allied States pledged to continue war collectively against which power?

Answer:
Axis Powers
Question 18

In which declaration was the term 'United Nations' first used?

Answer:
Washington Declaration
Question 19

Where did the Foreign Ministers of Britain, USA, USSR, and China meet in October 1943?

Answer:
Moscow
Question 20

Which declaration recognized the urgency of establishing an international organisation?

Answer:
Moscow Declaration
Question 21

Who was the leader of the erstwhile USSR at the Tehran Conference?

Answer:
Stalin
Question 22

The Tehran Conference participants declared an intent to end what kind of aggression?

Answer:
Fascist
Question 23

In which mansion did representatives meet in 1944 to discuss the UN's formation?

Answer:
Dumbarton Oaks
Question 24

Which conference helped the Big Three prepare for the San Francisco meeting?

Answer:
Yalta Conference
Question 25

On what date did the San Francisco Conference begin?

Answer:
April 25, 1945
Question 26

By what date was the UN Charter drafted?

Answer:
June 26, 1945
Question 27

How many nations originally participated in signing the UN Charter on June 26?

Answer:
50
Question 28

Which country signed the UN Charter on October 15, making it the 51st original member?

Answer:
Poland
Question 29

How many original founding members does the UN have?

Answer:
51
Question 30

On what date did the United Nations formally come into existence?

Answer:
October 24, 1945
Question 31

How many nations ratified the UN Charter initially?

Answer:
29
Question 32

What is celebrated globally every year on October 24?

Answer:
United Nations Day
Question 33

In which article of the UN Charter are the objectives mentioned?

Answer:
Article 1
Question 34

What is the first objective of the UN according to the Charter?

Answer:
Maintain peace
Question 35

What kind of relations does the UN aim to develop among nations?

Answer:
Friendly
Question 36

The UN aims to promote respect for which fundamental rights?

Answer:
Human rights
Question 37

Name one of the three 'new' objectives listed by the UN.

Answer:
Disarmament
Question 38

Name the second 'new' objective listed by the UN.

Answer:
Decolonisation
Question 39

Name the third 'new' objective listed by the UN.

Answer:
Development
Question 40

According to UN principles, members have what kind of equality?

Answer:
Sovereign
Question 41

How should UN members settle international disputes?

Answer:
Peaceful means
Question 42

The UN should not interfere in what kind of affairs of a member state?

Answer:
Internal affairs
Question 43

To whom is UN membership open?

Answer:
Peace loving nations
Question 44

What color is the UN flag?

Answer:
Light blue
Question 45

What color is the emblem in the center of the UN flag?

Answer:
White
Question 46

What branches are shown on the UN emblem?

Answer:
Olive branches
Question 47

What do the olive branches on the UN emblem denote?

Answer:
Peace
Question 48

How many official languages does the UN have?

Answer:
Six
Question 49

Name one of the official languages starting with 'A'.

Answer:
Arabic
Question 50

Name the official language that is widely used in China.

Answer:
Chinese
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Long Answer Questions - Practice detailed answers to these comprehensive questions. Click "Show Answer" to reveal the response.
Question 1

What led to the establishment of the United Nations Organisation?

Answer:
The establishment of the United Nations was driven by several factors: 1. The failure of the League of Nations to prevent the Second World War. 2. The unprecedented destruction caused by the Second World War, especially the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. 3. The realization by Allied leaders like Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill that a more powerful organization was needed to protect mankind from future wars. 4. A collective desire among nations to discuss means of maintaining global peace and security.
Question 2

Discuss the significance of the London Declaration and the Atlantic Charter in the formation of the UN.

Answer:
The London Declaration (June 1941) was a meeting of representatives from Great Britain, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa to discuss creating an organization more effective than the League of Nations. The Atlantic Charter (August 1941), issued by Roosevelt and Churchill, recognized the principle of sovereign equality of all states. It was eventually signed by 26 nations, including the USSR and China, laying the ideological foundation for international cooperation.
Question 3

Explain the importance of the Washington Declaration of 1942.

Answer:
The Washington Declaration was significant because: 1. It involved 26 Allied States meeting to pledge collective war against the Axis Powers. 2. It bound the signatories not to conclude a separate peace with the enemy. 3. Most importantly, it was the first time the term 'United Nations' was officially used in a joint declaration.
Question 4

What were the major outcomes of the Moscow and Tehran Conferences?

Answer:
At the Moscow Declaration (October 1943), the Foreign Ministers of the UK, USA, USSR, and China recognized the urgent need for an international organization. The Tehran Conference (November-December 1943) brought together the 'Big Three' (Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin) for the first time, where they declared their collective determination to end fascist aggression.
Question 5

Describe the final steps taken at Dumbarton Oaks, Yalta, and San Francisco to form the UN.

Answer:
1. Dumbarton Oaks (1944): Representatives met to discuss the actual structure of the UN. 2. Yalta Conference (1945): The 'Big Three' met to plan the San Francisco meeting and discuss the drafting of the Charter. 3. San Francisco Conference (April 1945): 50 nations met to draft the UN Charter. It was signed on June 26, 1945, and the UN formally came into existence on October 24, 1945.
Question 6

List and explain the five primary objectives of the United Nations as per Article 1.

Answer:
1. To maintain international peace and security. 2. To develop friendly relations among nations. 3. To promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. 4. To cooperate in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character. 5. To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these common ends.
Question 7

What are the 'three new objectives' listed by the UN in recent times?

Answer:
Beyond the original Charter objectives, the UN has focused on three modern pillars: 1. Disarmament: Reducing the number of weapons and military forces globally. 2. Decolonisation: Assisting territories in gaining independence from colonial rule. 3. Development: Promoting economic growth and social progress in developing nations.
Question 8

What are the core principles that members of the United Nations must follow?

Answer:
The principles include: 1. Sovereign equality of all members. 2. Obligation to abide by the UN Charter. 3. Settling international disputes by peaceful means. 4. Abstaining from the threat or use of force against any state. 5. Assisting the UN in its collective actions. 6. Non-interference by the UN in the internal affairs of any member state.
Question 9

Describe the features and symbolism of the UN Flag and Emblem.

Answer:
The UN flag is light blue with a white emblem in the center. The emblem features a world map viewed from the North Pole, representing all people. It is surrounded by twin olive branches, which are universal symbols of peace. The color blue was chosen to represent a neutral, peaceful sky.
Question 10

What are the six official languages of the UN, and why are they necessary?

Answer:
The six official languages are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. They are necessary to ensure clear communication among the diverse member states and to allow delegates to express themselves in major world languages during official proceedings and documentation.
Question 11

Name the six principal organs of the United Nations and their general location.

Answer:
The six organs are: 1. The General Assembly. 2. The Security Council. 3. The International Court of Justice (ICJ). 4. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). 5. The Trusteeship Council. 6. The Secretariat. All are located at the UN Headquarters in New York, except for the ICJ, which is in The Hague, Netherlands.
Question 12

Describe the composition and voting system of the General Assembly.

Answer:
The General Assembly consists of all member states of the UN. Each state can send up to five representatives, but each state has only one vote. Decisions on important matters (like security or admission of new members) require a majority vote of those present and voting. Its regular sessions run from the third Tuesday of September to December.
Question 13

Why is the General Assembly often called the 'International Parliament'?

Answer:
It is called an International Parliament because it is a deliberative body where every member nation, regardless of size or wealth, has an equal voice. It discusses any matter relating to international peace, makes recommendations for settling disputes, approves the UN budget, and elects members of other UN organs.
Question 14

List five important powers and functions of the General Assembly.

Answer:
1. To discuss any matter relating to international peace and security. 2. To receive and consider reports from the Security Council. 3. To consider and approve the UN budget. 4. To elect non-permanent members of ECOSOC and the Trusteeship Council, and ICJ judges. 5. To appoint the Secretary-General on the recommendation of the Security Council.
Question 15

What is the composition of the Security Council?

Answer:
The Security Council consists of 15 members. Five are permanent members: United Kingdom, USA, France, Russia, and China. The remaining 10 are non-permanent members elected by the General Assembly for a two-year term, representing different geographic regions: 5 from Africa/Asia, 2 from Latin America, 2 from Western Europe/others, and 1 from Eastern Europe.
Question 16

Explain the 'Veto Power' in the Security Council and its impact.

Answer:
Veto power is a negative vote held only by the five permanent members of the Security Council. For a resolution to pass, it needs 9 votes including all 5 permanent members. If even one permanent member votes 'no' (vetoes), the resolution cannot be adopted, even if the other 14 members agree. This can render the Council powerless during major international crises if the interests of the permanent members conflict.
Question 17

What are the primary functions and powers of the Security Council?

Answer:
1. Maintaining international peace and security. 2. Recommending peaceful ways to settle disputes. 3. Taking military action against an aggressor if necessary. 4. Recommending the admission of new members. 5. Recommending the appointment of the Secretary-General and electing ICJ judges.
Question 18

Describe the composition and term of judges in the International Court of Justice (ICJ).

Answer:
The ICJ consists of 15 judges elected for a nine-year term by the General Assembly and the Security Council. To ensure continuity, five judges retire every three years. No two judges can be from the same country. The Court also elects its own President and Vice-President for a three-year term.
Question 19

What are the main functions of the International Court of Justice?

Answer:
The ICJ's primary functions are: 1. Resolving legal disputes submitted to it by states, such as border and territorial issues. 2. Giving legal opinions on international disputes referred to it by UN organs. 3. Playing a role in the codification and development of international laws and conventions.
Question 20

What is the role and composition of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)?

Answer:
ECOSOC directs and coordinates the economic, social, humanitarian, and cultural activities of the UN. It consists of 54 members elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms. Seats are allotted geographically: 14 for Africa, 11 for Asia-Pacific, 6 for Eastern Europe, 10 for Latin America/Caribbean, and 13 for Western Europe/others.
Question 21

Explain the purpose and eventual suspension of the Trusteeship Council.

Answer:
The Trusteeship Council was created to supervise 'Trust Territories' (territories not yet self-governing) and help them prepare for independence. Originally, there were 11 such territories. As they all eventually gained independence, the Council lost its significance. It was suspended on November 1, 1994, after Palau, the last trust territory, became independent.
Question 22

Describe the role of the Secretariat and the Secretary-General.

Answer:
The Secretariat carries out the day-to-day administrative work of the UN, employing about 10,000 international staff. It is headed by the Secretary-General, who is the UN's chief administrative officer. The Secretary-General is appointed for a five-year term and acts as a global diplomat and spokesperson for the UN.
Question 23

List the UN Secretaries-General in order from the first to the current one.

Answer:
1. Trygve Lie (Norway), 2. Dag Hammarskjoeld (Sweden), 3. U Thant (Burma), 4. Kurt Waldheim (Austria), 5. Javier Perez De Cuellar (Peru), 6. Boutros Boutros Ghali (Egypt), 7. Kofi Annan (Ghana), 8. Ban Ki-moon (South Korea), 9. António Guterres (Portugal).
Question 24

Why was the League of Nations considered a failure?

Answer:
The League of Nations was considered a failure primarily because it could not achieve its main objective: preventing another world war. Despite being established in 1920 to maintain global peace, the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 proved that the organization lacked the necessary power, enforcement mechanisms, or collective will of major nations to stop global aggression.
Question 25

How does a nation become a member of the United Nations?

Answer:
Membership is open to all 'peace-loving nations' that accept the principles of the UN Charter. A country must agree to abide by the Charter's obligations. The process involves a recommendation from the Security Council to the General Assembly, which then votes on the admission of the new member.
Question 26

What determines the voting outcome for important matters in the General Assembly?

Answer:
Decisions on important matters, such as recommendations on peace and security, election of Security Council members, and budgetary questions, require a two-thirds majority of members present and voting. Other matters are decided by a simple majority.
Question 27

Distinguish between permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council.

Answer:
Permanent members (USA, UK, France, Russia, China) have fixed seats and hold veto power. Non-permanent members (10 total) are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms and do not have veto power. They are chosen based on geographical representation to ensure different parts of the world have a voice in security matters.
Question 28

Explain the significance of October 24 in the context of the UN.

Answer:
October 24 is celebrated as United Nations Day. It marks the anniversary of the day in 1945 when the UN Charter came into force after being ratified by the majority of signatories, including the five permanent members of the Security Council, formally bringing the organization into existence.
Question 29

How does the UN ensure its various organs function smoothly?

Answer:
The UN ensures smooth functioning through the Secretariat, which provides the necessary administrative support, research, and facilities for all other organs. Additionally, the General Assembly acts as a coordinating body, receiving reports from other organs and approving the overall budget that funds their activities.
Question 30

What role did the Second World War play in the creation of the UN?

Answer:
The Second World War was the primary catalyst. Its extreme devastation, the use of nuclear weapons, and the realization that humanity might not survive a third such conflict led world leaders to seek a more robust international system. The war unified the Allied powers (the 'United Nations') against a common enemy, creating the political framework for the organization.
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Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
What organization was established in Geneva, Switzerland in 1920 to maintain peace after the First World War?
Answer
The League of Nations.
Question
What was the main aim of the League of Nations?
Answer
To establish peace among the nations of the globe and prevent future wars.
Question
Why did the League of Nations fail to prevent the Second World War?
Answer
It was not powerful enough to prevent the occurrence of the Second World War.
Question
What event during World War II highlighted the need for an organization more powerful than the League of Nations?
Answer
The use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which brought about untold devastation.
Question
The first step in the formation of the UNO was the _____ Declaration in June 1941.
Answer
London
Question
In which city did representatives of Great Britain, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa meet in June 1941 to discuss establishing a world organisation?
Answer
London.
Question
What was the name of the declaration signed in August 1941 by US President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill?
Answer
The Atlantic Charter.
Question
The Atlantic Charter, signed in August 1941, recognised the principle of _____ of all states either big or small.
Answer
sovereign equality
Question
What declaration was signed on January 1, 1942, by 26 Allied states in Washington?
Answer
The Washington Declaration.
Question
What was the significance of the Washington Declaration in the history of the UN?
Answer
It was the first time that the term "United Nations" was used.
Question
In which city did the Foreign Ministers of Great Britain, the USA, the USSR and China meet in October 1943?
Answer
Moscow.
Question
The declaration made in Moscow in October 1943, which recognised the urgency of establishing an international organisation, is known as the _____.
Answer
Moscow Declaration
Question
Who were the heads of government who met at the Tehran Conference?
Answer
Winston Churchill (Britain), Franklin Roosevelt (USA), and Joseph Stalin (USSR).
Question
What was the purpose of the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, held from August to September 1944?
Answer
To discuss the formation of the United Nations Organisation.
Question
Who were the "Big Three" leaders who met at the Yalta Conference in February 1945?
Answer
Prime Minister Churchill, President Roosevelt, and Soviet Premier Stalin.
Question
The main purpose of the _____ Conference was to draft the Charter of the United Nations.
Answer
San Francisco
Question
The San Francisco Conference began on what date?
Answer
April 25, 1945.
Question
The UN Charter was signed on June 26 by how many participating nations?
Answer
50 participating nations.
Question
Which country signed the UN Charter on October 15, 1945, becoming the 51st original founding member?
Answer
Poland.
Question
The United Nations came into existence on what date, after the charter was ratified by 29 nations?
Answer
October 24, 1945.
Question
What is celebrated every year throughout the world as United Nations Day?
Answer
October 24.
Question
According to Article 1 of the UN Charter, what is the primary objective of the United Nations?
Answer
To maintain international peace and security.
Question
What is the second objective of the UN, concerning relations among nations?
Answer
To develop friendly relations among nations.
Question
What is the third objective of the UN, related to human rights?
Answer
To promote and encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental freedom.
Question
What is the fourth objective of the UN, involving international problems?
Answer
To cooperate in solving collectively international problems of economic, social, cultural and humanitarian character.
Question
What is the fifth objective of the UN, regarding the actions of nations?
Answer
To be a centre for harmonising the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.
Question
What is the first principle of the United Nations regarding its members?
Answer
Members have sovereign equality.
Question
According to the principles of the UN, all members must abide by the _____.
Answer
Charter
Question
What principle of the UN guides how members should handle international disputes?
Answer
Members should settle international disputes by peaceful means.
Question
UN members should abstain from threatening or using _____ against any member state.
Answer
force
Question
According to its principles, UN members should _____ the United Nations in any action it takes.
Answer
assist
Question
What principle prevents the UN from intervening in the internal affairs of any member state?
Answer
The United Nations should not interfere in the internal affairs of any member state.
Question
Describe the UN Flag.
Answer
It is light blue in colour with a white emblem in the centre.
Question
What does the UN emblem, which features a world map with twin olive branches, denote?
Answer
It denotes peace.
Question
How many official languages does the UN have?
Answer
Six.
Question
Name the six official languages of the United Nations.
Answer
Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
Question
How many principal organs does the United Nations have?
Answer
Six.
Question
List the six principal organs of the United Nations.
Answer
The General Assembly, the Security Council, the International Court of Justice, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, and the Secretariat.
Question
Where are all the organs of the UN based, except for the International Court of Justice?
Answer
New York.
Question
Where is the headquarters of the International Court of Justice located?
Answer
The Hague in The Netherlands.
Question
What is the main organ of the United Nations?
Answer
The General Assembly.
Question
How many votes does each state have in the General Assembly?
Answer
One vote.
Question
When do the regular sessions of the General Assembly begin each year?
Answer
On the third Tuesday of September.
Question
The General Assembly is like an International _____ where important issues are discussed and decisions are made by a majority vote.
Answer
Parliament
Question
What is one of the primary powers of the UN General Assembly regarding peace and security?
Answer
To discuss any matter relating to international peace and security.
Question
What power does the UN General Assembly have regarding the settlement of disputes?
Answer
To make recommendations for the peaceful settlement of disputes.
Question
The UN General Assembly has the power to consider and approve the _____ of the United Nations.
Answer
budget
Question
The UN General Assembly elects the non-permanent members of which two councils?
Answer
The Economic and Social Council and the Trusteeship Council.
Question
Who appoints the UN Secretary-General?
Answer
The General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
Question
Which body is the executive organ of the United Nations?
Answer
The Security Council.
Question
What is the primary responsibility of the UN Security Council?
Answer
Maintaining international peace and security.
Question
The UN Security Council comprises 15 members, of which _____ are permanent and _____ are non-permanent.
Answer
five; ten
Question
List the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.
Answer
China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.
Question
For how long is a non-permanent member of the Security Council elected?
Answer
A two year term.
Question
The negative vote cast by one of the five permanent members of the Security Council is called a _____.
Answer
veto
Question
What is the effect of a veto by a permanent member of the Security Council on a resolution?
Answer
The resolution cannot be adopted, even if all other members vote for it.
Question
What is the judicial organ of the United Nations called?
Answer
The International Court of Justice (ICJ).
Question
How many judges comprise the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?
Answer
15 judges.
Question
For how long is a judge elected to the International Court of Justice?
Answer
A nine-year term.
Question
What is the primary role of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?
Answer
It settles disputes concerning border and territorial issues and gives legal opinion on international disputes.