A PERIOD OF TRANSITION - Questions & Answers

Question 1What is defined as the period between the end of the Medieval Age and the beginning of the Modern Age?

Question 2In which century is the Modern Period said to have begun in Europe?

Question 3In India, the Modern Period is considered to have begun in the:

Question 4What was the basis of life during the medieval period in Europe?

Question 5The decline of feudalism in Europe favored the growth of:

Question 6Which events provided an impetus to trade and commerce between Eastern and Western countries?

Question 7After the Crusades, what became the new measure of wealth in Europe instead of land?

Question 8European contact with which civilizations kindled an interest in their own Greek and Roman past?

Question 9Why were many voyages undertaken by Europeans in the 15th century?

Question 10Which movement challenged the temporal power of the Church in medieval society?

Question 11Who were the 'vassals to the King' in the feudal structure?

Question 12In the feudal pyramid, what did the Knights provide to the Lords?

Question 13What was the lowest tier of the feudal structure?

Question 14The invention of which machine in the mid-15th century allowed for the mass production of books?

Question 15How did the Printing Press influence people's attitude to life?

Question 16What does the term 'Renaissance' mean?

Question 17In which country did the Renaissance movement begin?

Question 18The Renaissance aimed at reviving the classical heritage of Europe from which it was separated for almost:

Question 19Which major development occurred in India during the period of transition?

Question 20Who defeated the Marathas in the Third Battle of Panipat?

Question 21Which company's records give a detailed account of trading conditions in India during the modern period?

Question 22Sources providing first-hand evidence about an event are known as:

Question 23Historical works written by contemporary historians are considered:

Question 24Which of these is an archaeological source of information?

Question 25What system of thought considers solving human problems with reason more important than religious beliefs?

Question 26Which Renaissance thinkers were known as Humanists?

Question 27The spirit of enquiry promoted by the Renaissance encouraged people to use a:

Question 28Renaissance scholars who rejected everything based on superstition were known as:

Question 29Which famous sculpture by Michelangelo shows Mother Mary carrying the body of Jesus?

Question 30Renaissance paintings on plastered walls are called:

Question 31Who were the three most famous artists of the Renaissance?

Question 32Which Renaissance sculptor made the famous bronze statue of David?

Question 33During the Renaissance, what replaced Latin in literary works?

Question 34Who proved that the Earth revolves around the Sun?

Question 35John Kepler proved that planets move around the Sun in:

Question 36Which scientist discovered the Laws of Gravitation?

Question 37What did William Harvey discover in the field of medicine?

Question 38What is considered an excellent example of Renaissance architecture in Rome?

Question 39Who designed and decorated St. Peter's Church?

Question 40The Reformation was a movement launched against the drawbacks of which institution?

Question 41Who was the highest authority in the Church hierarchy challenged during the Reformation?

Question 42What were 'Indulgences'?

Question 43What was 'Simony'?

Question 44People who broke away from the Church at Rome were known as:

Question 45Who was the German Professor of Theology who launched a movement against Church abuses?

Question 46The movement to restore the credibility of the Catholic Church from within was called:

Question 47Which religious order was founded by Ignatius Loyola?

Question 48Which follower of Ignatius Loyola worked in India until his death?

Question 49Which instrument helped sailors determine their direction at sea?

Question 50Who made the first voyage round the world?

Statement 1The Modern Period in India began in the 15th century.

Statement 2The period between the end of the Medieval Age and the beginning of the Modern Age is called the Period of Transition.

Statement 3In Europe, the Modern Period is said to have begun in the 15th century.

Statement 4Feudalism was the basis of life during the medieval period.

Statement 5The decline of feudalism hindered the growth of New Learning.

Statement 6Crusades were religious wars that provided an impetus to trade and commerce.

Statement 7During the transition period, land remained the only measure of wealth in Europe.

Statement 8The Renaissance movement aimed at reviving the classical heritage of Europe.

Statement 9The term 'Renaissance' literally means 'death' or 'ending'.

Statement 10Humanism is a system of thought that prioritizes reason over religious beliefs.

Statement 11Francesco Petrarch is known as a Renaissance thinker and humanist.

Statement 12The Renaissance taught people to follow the authority of the Church blindly.

Statement 13The scientific approach promoted by the Renaissance encouraged people to reason before concluding.

Statement 14Rationalists during the Renaissance period accepted all teachings based on superstition.

Statement 15Renaissance artists freed themselves from medieval traditions regarding religious themes.

Statement 16Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael were famous Renaissance artists.

Statement 17Paintings made directly on plastered walls are called frescoes.

Statement 18Donatello made the famous marble statue of 'Pieta'.

Statement 19The 'Pieta' sculpture shows Mother Mary carrying the body of Jesus.

Statement 20Renaissance literature saw a shift from using local languages to using only Latin.

Statement 21Nicolaus Copernicus proved that the Sun revolves around the Earth.

Statement 22John Kepler proved that planets move in elliptical orbits.

Statement 23Galileo discovered that the Milky Way is made up of stars.

Statement 24Sir Isaac Newton discovered the Laws of Gravitation.

Statement 25William Harvey discovered how blood circulates from the heart through arteries.

Statement 26St. Peter's Church in Rome was designed and decorated by Michelangelo.

Statement 27The Reformation was a group of religious movements launched against the drawbacks of the Church.

Statement 28The main target of the Reformation movement was the local king.

Statement 29Roman Catholics were those who broke away from the Church at Rome.

Statement 30Protestants were those who continued to remain loyal to the Pope.

Statement 31The practice of giving Church offices to the highest bidders was known as simony.

Statement 32Indulgences were certificates sold by the Church to grant pardon for sins.

Statement 33King Henry IV of England supported the Pope's interference in political affairs.

Statement 34Martin Luther was a German Professor of Theology who criticized the Pope.

Statement 35The Counter Reformation was a movement to restore the credibility of the Catholic Church.

Statement 36The Society of Jesus was founded by Ignatius Loyola.

Statement 37St. Francis Xavier was a follower of Ignatius Loyola who worked in India.

Statement 38The Renaissance spirit led to a revival of interest in geography and explorations.

Statement 39Medieval people generally believed the Earth was a flat mass of land.

Statement 40The decline of the Mughal Empire was a major development in modern Indian history.

Statement 41The Marathas successfully replaced the Mughals and established an all-India empire.

Statement 42The Industrial Revolution refers to the transition from handwork to machine production.

Statement 43The Industrial Revolution began in France and then spread to England.

Statement 44The domestic system involved production by craftsmen in their own homes.

Statement 45John Kay invented the Flying Shuttle for weaving cloth.

Statement 46James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny.

Statement 47The Water Frame produced weaker thread than the Spinning Jenny.

Statement 48Samuel Crompton invented the Spinning Mule.

Statement 49Edmund Cartwright invented the Power Loom.

Statement 50The Cotton Gin was invented by James Watt.

Question 1The period between the end of the Medieval Age and the beginning of the Modern Age is regarded as the Period of ______.

Question 2In Europe, the Modern Period is said to have begun in the ______ century.

Question 3In India, the Modern Period began in the mid-______ century.

Question 4Decline of ______, which was the basis of life during the medieval period, changed the social and economic life of Europeans.

Question 5The ______ provided an impetus to trade and commerce between eastern and western countries.

Question 6In place of land, ______ became the new measure of wealth in many European countries.

Question 7As a result of the Crusades, Europeans came into contact with ______ civilisations.

Question 8Artists and scholars began to rediscover their past in art, architecture, and literature of the Greek and ______ cultures.

Question 9Many voyages were undertaken to discover new routes to increase commercial contacts with ______ countries.

Question 10The ______ which dominated medieval society suffered a setback when strong monarchs challenged its temporal power.

Question 11According to the feudal structure, Lords were ______ to the King.

Question 12Knights provided ______ and military service to their Lords.

Question 13The ______ were at the bottom of the feudal structure and farmed the land.

Question 14In the middle of the 15th century, the invention of the ______ made it possible to produce books in large numbers.

Question 15The revival of old learning led to the development of new thought called '______'.

Question 16The decline of the ______ Empire was a major development in India during the period of transition.

Question 17The ______ were defeated in the Third Battle of Panipat by the Afghans.

Question 18India was turned into a ______ of the British following its conquest.

Question 19Sources that provide first-hand evidence about an event are called ______ sources.

Question 20The records put down by the ______ Company give a detailed account of trading conditions during the modern period.

Question 21Archaeological sources like buildings and ______ are used for reconstructing history.

Question 22Sources produced by using primary sources, involving generalisation and analysis, are ______ sources.

Question 23The term 'Renaissance' literally means rebirth or ______.

Question 24The Renaissance movement began in ______ in the 14th century.

Question 25______ refers to a system of thought that considers solving human problems with reason more important than religious beliefs.

Question 26Francesco Petrarch and Giovanni Boccaccio were known as ______.

Question 27The ______ of enquiry taught human beings to question the 'why' and 'how' of things.

Question 28Renaissance scholars known as ______ rejected all that was based on superstition.

Question 29The 'Pieta', showing Mother Mary carrying the body of Jesus, was made by ______.

Question 30Paintings made directly on plastered walls are called ______.

Question 31The technique of ______ painting was also developed during the Renaissance.

Question 32The bronze statue of David was made by the sculptor ______.

Question 33Instead of Latin, authors of the Renaissance period began using ______ languages.

Question 34The Polish astronomer ______ proved that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

Question 35John Kepler proved that planets move round the Sun in ______ orbits.

Question 36The Italian scientist ______ discovered that the Milky Way is made up of stars using a telescope.

Question 37Sir Isaac Newton discovered the famous Laws of ______.

Question 38The Printing Press was invented by ______.

Question 39______ discovered how blood circulates from the heart through arteries.

Question 40St. Peter's Church in Rome was designed and decorated by ______.

Question 41The ______ is the name given to the religious movements launched against the drawbacks of the Church.

Question 42The main target of the Reformation movements was the ______.

Question 43Those who broke away from the Church at Rome were known as ______.

Question 44A tax called ______ was paid by people to build St. Peter's Church.

Question 45Pardon certificates for sins committed were called ______.

Question 46The practice of giving Church offices to the highest bidders was known as ______.

Question 47The German clergyman who launched a movement against the abuses in the Church was ______.

Question 48The movement to restore the credibility of the Catholic Church was the ______.

Question 49The Society of Jesus was founded by ______.

Question 50The ______ was a scientific instrument used by sailors to determine the direction.

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