India in the 18th Century - Questions & Answers

Question 1In which year did the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb die, marking the beginning of the empire's decline?

Question 2What collective name is given to the nine Mughal rulers who followed Aurangzeb within 50 years of his death?

Question 3Which three main powers emerged in India by the middle of the 18th century?

Question 4Who had the longest rule among the Later Mughals, lasting almost 30 years?

Question 5Which tax, originally abolished by Akbar, was reimposed by Aurangzeb on non-Muslims?

Question 6Which Mughal Emperor lived as a pensioner of the East India Company after the Battle of Buxar?

Question 7In what year did the British occupy Delhi?

Question 8Who was the last Mughal emperor, eventually exiled to Rangoon in 1858?

Question 9Aurangzeb's policy of continuous war in which region significantly weakened the empire's resources?

Question 10The Mughal nobility was divided into which three main factions?

Question 11What is the 'Law of Primogeniture'?

Question 12Which powerful nobles were known as 'king-makers' for raising Farrukh Siyar to the throne?

Question 13What was a major defect in the Mughal military administration during the 18th century?

Question 14What was the 'Jagirdari Crisis'?

Question 15What famous items did the Persian ruler Nadir Shah take away from Delhi in 1739?

Question 16Which territories did Muhammad Shah cede to Nadir Shah?

Question 17How many times did Ahmad Shah Abdali ravage India between 1748 and 1761?

Question 18What was the result of the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761?

Question 19Who was the founder of the autonomous state of Awadh?

Question 20The growth of which distinct culture is associated with the Nawabs of Awadh?

Question 21Who founded the state of Hyderabad in 1724?

Question 22What title was conferred upon the Nizam of Hyderabad by Emperor Muhammad Shah in 1725?

Question 23Who made Bengal virtually independent from central Mughal control in 1717?

Question 24Who was the Nawab of Bengal who took over in 1739 and promoted trade and commerce?

Question 25Which soldier rose through the ranks to establish authority over Mysore in 1761?

Question 26Where did Hyder Ali establish a modern arsenal with the help of French experts?

Question 27Tipu Sultan died in 1799 during which war?

Question 28Which Rajput ruler of Amber founded the city of Jaipur and was a man of science?

Question 29Sawai Jai Singh established astronomical observatories in which of these locations?

Question 30Who established the independent state of Rohilkhand?

Question 31Who was the tenth and last Guru of the Sikhs who made them a political and military force?

Question 32Which disciple of Guru Gobind Singh took over Sikh leadership but was executed in 1715?

Question 33The Sikhs were organized into how many rival 'misls' or confederacies?

Question 34Who was the Chief of the Sukerchakia misl who established a powerful kingdom in Punjab?

Question 35What was the significance of the Treaty of Amritsar (1809)?

Question 36Which Maratha leader united his people politically and resisted Mughal expansion in the Deccan?

Question 37Who became the first Peshwa to act as the de facto ruler, transforming the Maratha State into an empire?

Question 38What were 'chauth' and 'sardeshmukhi'?

Question 39Which Peshwa won control over Malwa, Gujarat, and parts of Bundelkhand, and captured Bassein from the Portuguese?

Question 40Under which Peshwa was the Maratha capital shifted from Satara to Pune?

Question 41The Maratha army at the Third Battle of Panipat was under the command of whom?

Question 42What percentage of total land revenue was 'Chauth'?

Question 43What percentage of total land revenue was 'Sardeshmukhi'?

Question 44What does the term 'Crown Land' mean in the context of the Mughal Empire?

Question 45What weapon did Ahmad Shah Abdali's troops use that gave them an advantage over the Marathas' swords?

Question 46Who was the ruler of Rohilkhand that allied with Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1761?

Question 47Which system, introduced by Akbar, involved assigning ranks (mansabs) to officers?

Question 48The Mughal Empire's weakness in the 18th century was exposed by the invasion of which Persian ruler?

Question 49What was the primary reason the Marathas failed to win the Third Battle of Panipat?

Question 50Which European power ultimately emerged victorious as the supreme power in India after the decline of the Mughals?

Statement 1The Mughal Empire began to decline towards the beginning of the 18th century.

Statement 2Aurangzeb died in the year 1707.

Statement 3There were twelve Mughal rulers, called the Later Mughals, who followed Aurangzeb within 50 years.

Statement 4Muhammad Shah's rule was the longest among the later Mughals, lasting for almost 30 years.

Statement 5The Battle of Buxar took place in 1764.

Statement 6Shah Alam II lived for several years at Allahabad as a pensioner of the East India Company.

Statement 7The British occupied Delhi in 1858.

Statement 8Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last Mughal emperor.

Statement 9Aurangzeb continued Akbar's policies of diplomacy and religious tolerance.

Statement 10Aurangzeb reimposed the jizya tax on non-Muslims.

Statement 11Aurangzeb's policy of continuous war in the Deccan strengthened the empire's resources.

Statement 12The Mughal nobility was divided into three groups: Iranis, Turanis, and Hindustanis.

Statement 13The Mughals had a strict law of primogeniture for succession.

Statement 14The Sayyid brothers were known as 'king-makers'.

Statement 15In the 18th century, the Mughal army was organized on feudal lines.

Statement 16Mansabdars were paid through land assignments known as jagirs.

Statement 17The Jagirdari crisis was caused by a shortage of mansabdars.

Statement 18Nadir Shah was a Persian ruler who invaded India in 1739.

Statement 19Nadir Shah took away the Kohinoor diamond and the Peacock Throne.

Statement 20Ahmad Shah Abdali was one of Nadir Shah's generals.

Statement 21The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761.

Statement 22The Marathas were victorious in the Third Battle of Panipat.

Statement 23Saadat Khan was the founder of the autonomous state of Awadh.

Statement 24Saadat Khan was also known as Burhan-ul-Mulk.

Statement 25The 'Lucknavi' culture grew under the Nawabs of Awadh.

Statement 26Kilich Khan founded the state of Hyderabad in 1724.

Statement 27Nizam-ul-Mulk was confirmed as the viceroy of the Deccan with the title Asaf Jah.

Statement 28Murshid Quli Khan was made the Governor of Bengal in 1717.

Statement 29The Nawabs of Bengal built a very strong army to check British expansion.

Statement 30Hyder Ali established a modern arsenal in Dindigul with the help of French experts.

Statement 31Tipu Sultan died fighting the British in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.

Statement 32Tipu Sultan introduced a new calendar and a new system of coinage.

Statement 33Raja Sawai Jai Singh founded the city of Jaipur.

Statement 34Sawai Jai Singh established astronomical observatories in Delhi and Jaipur.

Statement 35The Rohelas established a separate principality called Rohilkhand.

Statement 36Guru Gobind Singhji was the last Guru of the Sikhs.

Statement 37Banda Bahadur was captured and put to death in 1715.

Statement 38The Sikhs were organized into 12 rival misls.

Statement 39Maharaja Ranjit Singh signed the Treaty of Amritsar with the French in 1809.

Statement 40The river Sutlej was fixed as the boundary between the Sikh kingdom and British territories.

Statement 41Chhatrapati Shivaji united the Marathas and resisted Mughal expansion.

Statement 42Shahu was released from Mughal captivity in 1707.

Statement 43Tara Bai established her capital at Satara.

Statement 44Balaji Vishwanath was the Peshwa under Shahu.

Statement 45The Peshwa became the de facto ruler of the Marathas.

Statement 46Chauth was a tax that amounted to one-tenth of total land revenue.

Statement 47Sardeshmukhi was one-tenth of the total land revenue.

Statement 48Baji Rao I captured Bassein and Salsette from the Portuguese.

Statement 49Balaji Baji Rao shifted the Maratha capital from Satara to Pune.

Statement 50The Maratha defeat at Panipat paved the way for British consolidation in India.

Question 1The Mughal Empire began to decline towards the beginning of the ______ century.

Question 2The nine Mughal rulers who followed Aurangzeb are collectively known as the ______.

Question 3Aurangzeb died in the year ______.

Question 4By the middle of the 18th century, the Mughals, the ______, and the British were the three main powers in India.

Question 5Among the later Mughals, ______ had the longest rule, lasting almost 30 years.

Question 6In 1764, Shah Alam II joined Mir Qasim and Shuja-ud-Daula in the Battle of ______.

Question 7The British occupied Delhi in the year ______.

Question 8The last Mughal emperor, ______, was exiled to Rangoon in 1858.

Question 9Aurangzeb reimposed ______ and the pilgrim tax on non-Muslims.

Question 10Aurangzeb's policy of continuous war in the ______ further weakened the empire.

Question 11The Mughal nobility was divided into three groups: the Iranis, the ______, and the Hindustanis.

Question 12The law whereby the eldest son is the rightful successor to the throne is called the law of ______.

Question 13The ______ brothers acted as king-makers and raised Farrukh Siyar to the throne.

Question 14Mughal soldiers owed their primary allegiance to the ______ rather than to the emperor.

Question 15In the 18th century, most Mughal soldiers were recruited from ______ Asia.

Question 16The ______ crisis emerged because an adequate number of jagirs were not available for the increasing number of mansabdars.

Question 17The Persian ruler ______ invaded India in 1739 and stayed in Delhi for 57 days.

Question 18Nadir Shah took away the Kohinoor diamond and Shah Jahan's jewel-studded ______ Throne.

Question 19Ahmad Shah Abdali ravaged India ______ times between 1748 and 1761.

Question 20In 1761, Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas in the ______ Battle of Panipat.

Question 21The founder of the autonomous state of Awadh was Nawab ______.

Question 22Saadat Khan was popularly known by the title ______.

Question 23The prolonged peace in Awadh led to the growth of a distinct culture known as ______ culture.

Question 24The state of Hyderabad was founded in 1724 by ______.

Question 25Kilich Khan is popularly known as ______.

Question 26The Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah conferred the title of ______ on Nizam-ul-Mulk.

Question 27______ was made the Governor of Bengal in 1717 and later made it independent.

Question 28Alivardi Khan took over as the Nawab of Bengal in the year ______.

Question 29Hyder Ali overthrew ______ in 1761 to establish authority over Mysore.

Question 30Hyder Ali established a modern arsenal in ______ with French help.

Question 31______ succeeded Hyder Ali in 1782.

Question 32Tipu Sultan died fighting the British in the ______ Anglo-Mysore War.

Question 33The most significant Rajput ruler in the 18th century was ______ of Amber.

Question 34Raja Sawai Jai Singh founded the city of ______.

Question 35Sawai Jai Singh established astronomical observatories in Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, ______, and Mathura.

Question 36The Bangash Pathans established an independent state around ______.

Question 37The ______ established a separate principality called Rohilkhand.

Question 38The leadership of the Sikhs after Guru Gobind Singhji was taken over by ______.

Question 39The Sikhs were organized into 12 rival ______ or confederacies.

Question 40______ was the Chief of the Sukerchakia misl who established a kingdom in Punjab.

Question 41In 1809, Maharaja Ranjit Singh signed the Treaty of ______ with the British.

Question 42The Treaty of Amritsar fixed the river ______ as the boundary of the Sikh kingdom.

Question 43Chhatrapati ______ united the Marathas politically and resisted Mughal expansion.

Question 44After Shivaji’s death, a war of succession broke out between Rajaram and ______.

Question 45Shahu established his capital at ______.

Question 46Tara Bai established her capital at ______.

Question 47The system of ______ emerged under the leadership of Balaji Vishwanath.

Question 48The Peshwa was originally the Chief Minister of the Maratha ruler ______.

Question 49______ of the land revenue was collected as 'chauth'.

Question 50______ was a tribute taken as one-tenth of the total land revenue by the Marathas.

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