Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
Define the 'sequence of tenses' principle in English grammar.
Answer
The principle where the tense of the verb in a subordinate clause follows the tense of the verb in the principal clause.
Question
According to Rule 1, what time period must the subordinate clause verb belong to if the principal clause is in the past tense?
Answer
The past time.
Question
Rule 1 Exception: A past tense in the principal clause is followed by a present tense in the subordinate clause when the latter expresses a _____.
Answer
habitual or universal fact
Question
Provide an example sentence where a past tense principal clause is followed by a universal fact.
Answer
Our teacher said that the earth revolves around the sun.
Question
How does the sequence of tenses change when a subordinate clause is introduced by the conjunction of comparison 'than'?
Answer
Rule 1 does not apply, and any tense required by the sense can be followed by any other tense.
Question
In comparisons using the phrase 'as well as', which tense rules should be followed?
Answer
Any tense may be followed by any tense, depending on the sense intended by the speaker.
Question
What determines the tense of an adverb clause denoting place, reason, or comparison regardless of the principal clause?
Answer
The sense required by the meaning of the sentence.
Question
According to Rule 2, if the principal clause is in the present or future tense, what tense may be used in the subordinate clause?
Answer
Any tense as required by the sense.
Question
Exception to Rule 2: If a subordinate clause expresses purpose, its verb must always be in the _____ tense.
Answer
present
Question
When a subordinate clause is introduced by 'as though' or 'as if', which tense is used to indicate present time?
Answer
Past tense.
Question
When using 'as though' or 'as if', which tense is used to denote past time?
Answer
Past perfect.
Question
In Type 1 conditional sentences, what are the tenses of the verbs in the principal and subordinate clauses respectively?
Answer
The principal clause is in the future tense, and the subordinate clause is in the present tense.
Question
In composition, what is the definition of a paragraph?
Answer
The complete and logical development of a single idea.
Question
When writing a paragraph, what is the 'topic sentence'?
Answer
The sentence that expresses the main theme, generally placed at the beginning.
Question
Identify the three essential qualities of a good paragraph.
Answer
Unity, coherence, and variety.
Question
In paragraph writing, what does the principle of 'Unity' require?
Answer
That every sentence in the paragraph is logically connected to the central idea.
Question
Define 'Coherence' in the context of paragraph structure.
Answer
The arrangement of ideas in a meaningful order to make their logical relation clear.
Question
Name three ways to demonstrate logical connection (coherence) between sentences in a paragraph.
Answer
Using transitional words, using pronouns to link sentences, or repeating specific ideas.
Question
What is the purpose of 'Variety' in paragraph writing?
Answer
To maintain the reader's interest and avoid monotony by using diverse words, structures, and sentence lengths.
Question
According to the guidelines for paragraph development, what should be the characteristics of the first and last sentences?
Answer
They should be short and effective.
Question
What are the three core objectives to ensure when writing a summary?
Answer
Significance, relevance, and accuracy.
Question
In summary writing, what does the objective of 'Significance' entail?
Answer
Including only the important or major points from the original text in the summary.
Question
In summary writing, how is 'Relevance' defined?
Answer
Focusing only on the specific points or aspects requested by the prompt.
Question
What does 'Accuracy' imply for a summary writer?
Answer
Providing a faithful account of the original passage without changing the author's meaning or adding external information.
Question
Based on the passage provided, what is the meaning of 'astonished'?
Answer
Shocked.
Question
Based on the passage provided, what is the meaning of 'bewildered'?
Answer
Baffled.
Question
In the context of the reading passage, what is the antonym of 'abundant'?
Answer
Meagre.
Question
Preposition: This question came _____ during the Monsoon session of the Parliament.
Answer
up
Question
Preposition: The policeman ran _____ the pickpocket.
Answer
after
Question
Preposition: We are looking _____ to the visit of our uncle's family.
Answer
forward
Question
Preposition: The old man was run _____ by a truck.
Answer
over
Question
Preposition: I took _____ word for word the Minister's speech.
Answer
down
Question
Preposition: The old bridge is unsafe _____ use while it is under repair.
Answer
for
Question
Preposition: The enemy has encroached _____ our territory.
Answer
on / upon
Question
Preposition: The child has been complaining _____ stomach pain.
Answer
of
Question
Correct the tense: She believed that God _____ (be) everywhere.
Answer
is
Question
Correct the tense: We all knew that sugar _____ (produce) from sugarcane.
Answer
is produced
Question
Correct the tense: Uma finished first though she _____ (begin) late.
Answer
had begun
Question
Correct the tense: After the rain _____ (stop), the sun was up again.
Answer
had stopped
Question
Correct the tense: Who taught you that two and two _____ (make) four?
Answer
make
Question
Correct the tense: He would die before he _____ (lie).
Answer
lied
Question
Rewrite starting with 'It is a...': The train journey from Delhi to Chennai takes two days.
Answer
It is a two-day train journey from Delhi to Chennai.
Question
Rewrite starting with 'He asked me...': 'Could I borrow a blue pen from you?'
Answer
He asked me if I could borrow a blue pen from him.
Question
Rewrite using 'lighter': Hydrogen is the lightest of all gases.
Answer
No other gas is lighter than Hydrogen.
Question
Rewrite using 'generosity': The king was generous even to his enemies.
Answer
The king showed generosity even to his enemies.
Question
Rewrite starting with 'Let...': Submit your project before it is too late.
Answer
Let your project be submitted before it is too late.
Question
Rewrite using a question tag: My suitcase is heavy.
Answer
My suitcase is heavy, isn't it?
Question
Rewrite starting with 'Mother's letter...': I found mother's letter among the large pile of papers.
Answer
Mother's letter was found by me among the large pile of papers.
Question
Join into one sentence without using 'and', 'but', or 'so': 'He is very tired. He wants to go home.'
Answer
He wants to go home as he is very tired.
Question
Join into one sentence: 'Sam is a very fast runner. There is no doubt about it.'
Answer
There is no doubt that Sam is a very fast runner.
Question
When a subordinate clause expresses purpose, the helping verb often used is _____.
Answer
may
Question
A new paragraph generally begins when introducing a new _____, _____, or _____.
Answer
idea, time, or place
Question
What type of orders can be used to arrange ideas logically in a paragraph?
Answer
The order of their occurrence or the order of their importance.
Question
True or False: According to the principle of Variety, a writer should use sentences of different structures.
Answer
True
Question
In Summary Writing, the temptation to show off knowledge of a subject outside the text should be _____.
Answer
resisted
Question
What is the recommended first step in 'Paragraph Development'?
Answer
Think of a specific topic.
Question
Correct the tense: 'Political tensions _____ (spill) over into violence.'
Answer
spilt
Question
Correct the tense: 'The garden is now better kept than it _____ (be) last year.'
Answer
was
Question
Join into one sentence: 'She decided not to buy the necklace. The price was high.'
Answer
She decided not to buy the necklace as its price was high.
Question
Preposition: I took _____ word for word the Minister's speech.
Answer
down