Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
What term describes a mixture where the components are evenly distributed throughout?
Answer
A uniform mixture (or solution).
Question
What is the scientific name for a non-uniform mixture in which components are not evenly distributed?
Answer
A non-uniform mixture.
Question
In a solid-liquid solution, what name is given to the solid component that is being dissolved?
Answer
The solute.
Question
In a solid-liquid solution, what name is given to the liquid component that dissolves the solid?
Answer
The solvent.
Question
In a mixture of two liquids, how is the solute typically identified?
Answer
It is the substance present in the smaller amount.
Question
In a mixture of two liquids, how is the solvent typically identified?
Answer
It is the substance present in the larger amount.
Question
Why is air considered a gaseous solution?
Answer
It is a uniform mixture of different gases.
Question
Which gas acts as the solvent in air because it is present in the largest amount?
Answer
$N_{2}$ (Nitrogen).
Question
Name two gases that act as solutes within the gaseous solution of air.
Answer
$O_{2}$ (Oxygen) and $CO_{2}$ (Carbon dioxide).
Question
What is the primary medical purpose of an Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)?
Answer
To treat dehydration by keeping the body hydrated.
Question
In the Indian sweet syrup known as Chashni, which component is considered the solvent despite being present in a smaller amount?
Answer
Water.
Question
A solution in which more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature is called an _____ solution.
Answer
Unsaturated
Question
What is a solution called when the solute stops dissolving and begins to settle at the bottom at a specific temperature?
Answer
A saturated solution.
Question
The amount of solute present in a fixed quantity of solution or solvent is known as its _____.
Answer
Concentration
Question
How does a dilute solution differ from a concentrated solution regarding solute amount?
Answer
A dilute solution contains less solute than a concentrated solution.
Question
What term defines the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a fixed quantity of solvent at a specific temperature?
Answer
Solubility.
Question
How does an increase in temperature typically affect the solubility of most solid substances in water?
Answer
Solubility increases with an increase in temperature.
Question
How does a saturated solution behave if its temperature is increased?
Answer
It behaves as an unsaturated solution.
Question
What happens to the solubility of gases in liquids as the temperature increases?
Answer
The solubility of gases generally decreases.
Question
Why is cold water better than warm water for sustaining aquatic life like fish?
Answer
Cold water can dissolve more oxygen than warm water.
Question
Which physical property describes the mass present in a unit volume of a substance?
Answer
Density.
Question
What is the mathematical formula used to calculate density?
Answer
$\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$
Question
What is the SI unit of density?
Answer
$kg/m^{3}$ (kilogram per cubic metre).
Question
Which two environmental factors can influence the density of a substance?
Answer
Temperature and pressure.
Question
Which state of matter has its density most significantly affected by changes in pressure?
Answer
Gases.
Question
What is the approximate mass of $100\text{ mL}$ of water at room temperature?
Answer
$100\text{ g}$
Question
The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water at a given temperature is called _____.
Answer
Relative density
Question
What are the units used to express relative density?
Answer
Relative density is a number without any units.
Question
If aluminium has a relative density of $2.7$, how many times denser is it than water?
Answer
$2.7$ times denser.
Question
Which quantity of matter is present in an object or substance?
Answer
Mass.
Question
What is the standard scientific instrument used to measure the mass of an object?
Answer
A balance.
Question
In science, what is the specific definition of 'weight'?
Answer
The force by which the Earth attracts an object towards itself.
Question
What is the standard unit of measurement for weight?
Answer
$N$ (Newton).
Question
What is the purpose of the 'tare' or 'reset' button on a digital weighing balance?
Answer
To bring the reading to zero, often to exclude the mass of a container.
Question
How is 'volume' defined in a scientific context?
Answer
The space occupied by an object.
Question
What is the SI unit of volume?
Answer
$m^{3}$ (cubic metre).
Question
What volume in cubic decimetres ($\text{dm}^{3}$) is equivalent to one litre ($L$)?
Answer
$1\text{ dm}^{3}$
Question
What volume in cubic centimetres ($\text{cm}^{3}$) is equivalent to one millilitre ($\text{mL}$)?
Answer
$1\text{ cm}^{3}$
Question
Which laboratory apparatus is commonly used to measure the volume of liquids?
Answer
A measuring cylinder.
Question
How is the 'least count' or smallest volume reading of a measuring cylinder determined?
Answer
By dividing the volume difference between two major marks by the number of divisions between them.
Question
What determines the accuracy of a volume measurement when choosing between measuring cylinders of different capacities?
Answer
The size of the smallest volume the cylinder can measure (smaller increments provide higher accuracy).
Question
Which Indian scientist is renowned for developing anti-epileptic and anti-malarial drugs using medicinal plants?
Answer
Asima Chatterjee.
Question
What was Asima Chatterjee the first woman to receive in the field of chemical science in India?
Answer
The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award.
Question
Besides water, what are two other substances used as solvents in traditional Indian systems of medicine like Ayurveda?
Answer
Oils and ghee (or milk).
Question
Generally, how does the density of an object determine if it will sink or float in water?
Answer
Objects less dense than water float, while objects denser than water sink.
Question
If an object has a mass of $27\text{ g}$ and a volume of $10\text{ cm}^{3}$, what is its density?
Answer
$2.7\text{ g/cm}^{3}$
Question
Why is a $100\text{ mL}$ measuring cylinder better than a $500\text{ mL}$ cylinder for measuring $70\text{ mL}$ of water?
Answer
The $100\text{ mL}$ cylinder has a smaller 'least count', providing greater accuracy.
Question
What happens to the visibility of components in a mixture when it forms a true solution?
Answer
The components are no longer visible separately.
Question
In a mixture of sand and water, why does the sand settle at the bottom?
Answer
Sand is denser than water and does not dissolve.
Question
The solubility of baking soda in water _____ as the temperature is raised from $20^{\circ}\text{C}$ to $70^{\circ}\text{C}$.
Answer
Increases
Question
Term: Density of water
Answer
Definition: Approximately $1\text{ g/mL}$ (or $1\text{ g/cm}^{3}$) at room temperature.
Question
What determines the units of density used in a calculation?
Answer
The units selected for mass and volume.
Question
What is the conversion factor between $1\text{ kg/m}^{3}$ and grams per litre ($g/L$)?
Answer
$1\text{ kg/m}^{3} = 1\text{ g/L}$
Question
In the context of solutions, what does it mean that 'dilute' and 'concentrated' are relative terms?
Answer
They describe the amount of solute in one solution compared to another.
Question
Why does every sip of a well-mixed ORS taste the same?
Answer
The sugar and salt form a uniform mixture with components evenly distributed.
Question
What is the primary difference in component distribution between sand in water and salt in water?
Answer
Salt in water is evenly distributed (uniform), while sand in water is not (non-uniform).
Question
According to traditional Indian medicine, what is the benefit of using specific solvents like milk or ghee for drugs?
Answer
To help achieve the therapeutic benefits of the drug.
Question
How can you scientifically determine if an oil is less dense than water using a volume of $1\text{ litre}$?
Answer
Check if its mass is less than the mass of $1\text{ litre}$ of water ($1000\text{ g}$).
Question
What is the relationship between the mass and volume of $10\text{ mL}$ of water?
Answer
The mass of $10\text{ mL}$ of water is approximately $10\text{ g}$.
Question
In the formula for density, what does the unit '$m^{3}$' represent?
Answer
Cubic metre (the SI unit of volume).