Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
What term describes anything that has mass and occupies space, such as air, water, or books?
Answer
Matter
Question
According to the text, what are all things made up of?
Answer
Tiny particles
Question
What is formed when two or more substances are combined such that each retains its own properties?
Answer
A mixture
Question
What are the individual substances that make up a mixture called?
Answer
Components
Question
How do the components of a mixture interact chemically?
Answer
They do not react chemically with each other.
Question
What type of mixture has components that are generally visible to the naked eye?
Answer
A non-uniform mixture
Question
Which specific food items are provided as examples of non-uniform mixtures?
Answer
Poha and sprout salad
Question
What type of mixture has components that are evenly distributed and cannot be seen separately even under a microscope?
Answer
A uniform mixture
Question
Is a solution of sugar dissolved in water considered a uniform or non-uniform mixture?
Answer
A uniform mixture
Question
What was the ancient Indian term for a mixture of two or more metals?
Answer
$Mishraloha$
Question
Which ancient Indian text is cited for mentioning the use of alloys for medicinal purposes?
Answer
The Charaka Samhita
Question
In ancient Indian texts, what was the alloy Bronze known as?
Answer
$Kamsya$
Question
According to ancient records, what were the two constituent metals of $Kamsya$?
Answer
Copper ($Tamra$) and Tin ($Vanga$)
Question
What was the ratio of Copper to Tin used to create the ancient alloy $Kamsya$?
Answer
$4:1$
Question
What is a uniform mixture of metals, such as stainless steel or brass, called?
Answer
An alloy
Question
Besides iron, what are the primary components of stainless steel?
Answer
Nickel, chromium, and a small amount of carbon
Question
What are the two primary components of the alloy Brass?
Answer
Copper and zinc
Question
What are the two primary components of the alloy Bronze?
Answer
Copper and tin
Question
Is air classified as a uniform or non-uniform mixture?
Answer
A uniform mixture
Question
What is the approximate percentage of Nitrogen in the air?
Answer
$78\%$
Question
Which gas in the air is required by most living beings to stay alive and supports combustion?
Answer
Oxygen
Question
Does Nitrogen gas take part in the process of combustion?
Answer
No
Question
What is the common name for the chemical calcium oxide?
Answer
Quick lime
Question
What substance is produced when calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water?
Answer
Calcium hydroxide
Question
What is the common name for a solution of calcium hydroxide in water?
Answer
Lime water
Question
What happens to the appearance of lime water when it is exposed to carbon dioxide?
Answer
It turns milky.
Question
The milkiness in lime water is caused by the formation of tiny particles of which substance?
Answer
Calcium carbonate
Question
Complete the chemical reaction: Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide $\rightarrow$ Calcium carbonate + _____
Answer
Water
Question
Why are dust particles in the air considered pollutants rather than integral components?
Answer
They vary in number and nature from time to time and place to place.
Question
What tool is used to describe the general quality of the air?
Answer
Air Quality Index ($AQI$)
Question
What are the two types of particulate matter mentioned as major air pollutants?
Answer
Dust and soot
Question
In scientific terms, what defines a pure substance?
Answer
A kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by physical processes.
Question
How does the scientific meaning of 'pure' differ from common usage?
Answer
In science, it means consisting of only one type of particle, whereas common usage means unadulterated.
Question
What is the illegal process of adding poor quality or cheaper substances to a product called?
Answer
Adulteration
Question
What occurs when an electric current is passed through water during electrolysis?
Answer
The water breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen gases.
Question
Which gas produced during the electrolysis of water causes a 'pop' sound when tested with a burning candle?
Answer
Hydrogen
Question
How does oxygen gas affect the flame of a burning candle during testing?
Answer
It causes the flame to glow brighter.
Question
What are substances that consist of identical atoms and cannot be broken down into simpler substances called?
Answer
Elements
Question
What is the smallest identical particle that makes up an element?
Answer
An atom
Question
What is a stable particle formed when two or more atoms of an element combine?
Answer
A molecule
Question
How many known elements are there currently?
Answer
$118$
Question
Into which two main categories are elements traditionally classified?
Answer
Metals and non-metals
Question
What are elements that possess properties intermediate between metals and non-metals called?
Answer
Metalloids
Question
Name two examples of metalloids mentioned in the text.
Answer
Silicon and boron
Question
How many elements exist in a gaseous state at room temperature?
Answer
Eleven
Question
Which metal is liquid at room temperature?
Answer
Mercury
Question
Which non-metal is liquid at room temperature?
Answer
Bromine
Question
At what approximate temperature do Gallium and Caesium become liquid?
Answer
$30^{\circ}C$ (or $303 K$)
Question
What substance is formed when two or more elements combine chemically in fixed ratios?
Answer
A compound
Question
How do the properties of a compound compare to the properties of its constituent elements?
Answer
The properties of the compound are entirely new and different.
Question
Can the constituent elements of a compound be separated by physical methods?
Answer
No
Question
Is air a uniform or non-uniform mixture of gases?
Answer
Uniform
Question
What kind of mixture is aerated water (soda water)?
Answer
A uniform mixture of gas and liquid
Question
Is a mixture of oil and water considered uniform or non-uniform?
Answer
Non-uniform
Question
Which type of mixture is seawater?
Answer
A uniform mixture of solid and liquid
Question
What two substances are mixed to create baking powder?
Answer
Baking soda and tartaric acid
Question
What is the primary scientific purpose for separating a mixture?
Answer
To obtain pure substances
Question
Identify the mixture type: Acetic acid in water (vinegar).
Answer
Uniform liquid-liquid mixture
Question
Which historical Indian text is cited alongside the Charaka Samhita for mentioning alloys?
Answer
Susruta Samhita
Question
True or False: Most known elements exist in a solid state at room temperature.
Answer
True