Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
How does the World Health Organisation (WHO) define 'health'?
Answer
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease.
Question
Beyond the absence of disease, what three specific aspects does health include?
Answer
Physical, mental, and social well-being.
Question
According to Ayurveda, health is a balance between which three factors?
Answer
Body, mind, and surroundings.
Question
In Ayurveda, what is the term for a 'daily routine' used to maintain health?
Answer
Dinacharya
Question
In Ayurveda, what is the term for a 'seasonal routine' used to maintain health?
Answer
Ritucharya
Question
Term: Prakriti
Answer
Definition: An individual's unique body constitution in Ayurvedic teaching.
Question
According to the ICMR report, approximately how many people in India are diabetic?
Answer
More than 100 million.
Question
What percentage of the Indian population is considered obese?
Answer
28.6%
Question
What specific health condition in children is linked to excessive screen watching?
Answer
Dry eye disease
Question
Increased screen time in children is associated with a rise in obesity, sleep disorders, and _____.
Answer
anxiety
Question
Immersion into social media is noted for spurring a rise in which social-emotional state?
Answer
Loneliness
Question
Regular handwashing is estimated to reduce infection by what percentage?
Answer
50%
Question
Which two diseases are noted by the WHO as being more prevalent in South-east Asian populations?
Answer
Diabetes and heart attack.
Question
Yoga is specifically mentioned to reduce anxiety and increase _____.
Answer
concentration
Question
The arrival of which seasonal event leads to an increase in malaria and dengue cases in India?
Answer
Monsoon
Question
Safe drinking water reduces cases of which two categories of diseases?
Answer
Water-borne and vector-borne diseases.
Question
What is the recommended percentage reduction for oil in a 'Diet mantra' mentioned in the text?
Answer
10%
Question
How is a 'symptom' defined in a clinical context?
Answer
An unwell feeling experienced by the patient, such as pain, tiredness, or dizziness.
Question
How is a 'sign' defined in a clinical context?
Answer
An objective indication of illness that can be seen or measured, such as fever or a rash.
Question
Is 'high blood pressure' classified as a symptom or a sign?
Answer
A sign (because it can be measured).
Question
Term: Pathogen
Answer
Definition: A disease-causing organism, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa.
Question
What defines a 'communicable disease'?
Answer
A disease caused by pathogens that can spread from one person to another.
Question
What defines a 'non-communicable disease'?
Answer
A disease not caused by pathogens that does not spread between people, typically linked to lifestyle or environment.
Question
Diseases that persist for a long time, typically more than three months, are called _____ diseases.
Answer
chronic
Question
Term: Vector
Answer
Definition: An organism, such as a mosquito or housefly, that spreads pathogens from one person to another.
Question
What is the causal agent of the common cold and influenza?
Answer
Virus
Question
What is the primary site of infection for the common cold?
Answer
Respiratory tract
Question
Identify one symptom of influenza mentioned in the text.
Answer
Nasal congestion, discharge, sore throat, fever, cough, or body ache.
Question
What is the causal agent of chickenpox?
Answer
Virus
Question
What are the two primary sites of infection for chickenpox?
Answer
Respiratory tract and skin.
Question
What is a distinguishing skin-related symptom of chickenpox?
Answer
Itchy skin rashes and blisters.
Question
What is the causal agent of measles?
Answer
Virus
Question
Where do reddish rashes typically appear first in a person with measles?
Answer
On the neck and ears.
Question
Which organ is the primary site of infection for Hepatitis A?
Answer
Liver
Question
What is a characteristic symptom of Hepatitis A involving the yellowing of skin/eyes?
Answer
Jaundice
Question
How is Hepatitis A primarily transmitted?
Answer
Through contaminated water and food.
Question
What type of organism causes cholera?
Answer
Bacteria
Question
What are the two main symptoms of cholera mentioned in the table?
Answer
Diarrhoea and dehydration.
Question
What type of organism causes typhoid?
Answer
Bacteria
Question
Identify the primary site of infection for both cholera and typhoid.
Answer
Intestine
Question
What is the causal agent of ascariasis?
Answer
Worms (roundworms)
Question
Identify one symptom of an ascariasis infection.
Answer
Worms in stool, loss of appetite, poor growth, diarrhoea, weight loss, or anaemia.
Question
What type of pathogen causes malaria?
Answer
Protozoa
Question
What is a distinctive fever-related symptom of malaria?
Answer
Periodic chills and profuse sweating.
Question
What is the causal agent of dengue fever?
Answer
Virus
Question
Dengue fever is also known by what common name due to its symptoms?
Answer
Break bone fever
Question
Identify one joint-related symptom of dengue fever.
Answer
Muscle and joint pain.
Question
Which two diseases in the text require the control of mosquito breeding for prevention?
Answer
Malaria and dengue.
Question
Term: Parasite
Answer
Definition: An organism that lives in or on another living being and feeds on its nutrients.
Question
Why have non-communicable diseases (NCDs) become more common in India recently?
Answer
Changes in lifestyle, such as eating processed food, less exercise, and longer life expectancy.
Question
Name three common non-communicable diseases mentioned in the text.
Answer
Cancer, diabetes, and asthma.
Question
Identify one common sign or symptom of diabetes.
Answer
Frequent urination, excessive thirst, weight loss, tiredness, or slow healing.
Question
What index is used to measure and communicate the cleanliness of the air in cities?
Answer
Air Quality Index (AQI)
Question
Isolation of the patient is a preventive measure for which two viral respiratory diseases?
Answer
Chickenpox and measles.
Question
Which preventive measure is specifically recommended for avoiding water-borne diseases like Hepatitis A?
Answer
Drinking boiled water.
Question
What is the primary method of preventing roundworm (ascariasis) infection?
Answer
Maintaining personal hygiene and good sanitary habits.
Question
What is the purpose of a vaccine?
Answer
To help prevent serious infections caused by viruses and bacteria.
Question
The phrase '_____ is better than cure' is used to emphasize the importance of health protection.
Answer
Prevention
Question
Besides diet and hygiene, what social factor is highlighted as important for mental health?
Answer
Spending time with friends and family (talking and laughing).
Question
How do pathogens typically enter the body to cause communicable diseases?
Answer
Through inhaled air, contaminated food or water, direct contact, or vectors.