Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
In which year did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
Answer
January 1915.
Question
Which organisation did Mahatma Gandhi form in South Africa to lead the struggle against racial discrimination?
Answer
The Natal Indian Congress.
Question
The term Satyagraha is derived from the Sanskrit words 'Satya' and 'Agraha'; what does 'Agraha' mean?
Answer
Insistence to hold fast.
Question
According to Mahatma Gandhi, what is the primary distinction between Satyagraha and passive resistance?
Answer
Satyagraha strictly excludes the use of violence.
Question
How did Mahatma Gandhi define the doctrine of Non-violence or 'Ahimsa'?
Answer
Avoiding injury to anything by thought, word, or deed.
Question
What was the 'tinkathia' system challenged by Mahatma Gandhi in Champaran?
Answer
A law requiring peasants to grow indigo on $\frac{3}{20}$ of their land.
Question
Which 1918 struggle in Gujarat was organised for peasants who could not pay land revenue due to crop failure?
Answer
The Kheda Satyagraha.
Question
What specific percentage increase in wages did Ahmedabad mill-workers receive following Gandhiji's hunger strike?
Answer
$35\%$ increase.
Question
Which prominent leader became a follower of Mahatma Gandhi during the Kheda Satyagraha?
Answer
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
Question
Which committee's report led to the introduction of the Rowlatt Bills in 1919?
Answer
The Sedition Committee headed by Justice Rowlatt.
Question
What power did the Rowlatt Act grant the government regarding the imprisonment of individuals?
Answer
The authority to imprison any person without trial and convict them in a court.
Question
What does the term 'in-camera trial' imply under the Rowlatt Act provisions?
Answer
A trial held in seclusion.
Question
On what date did the Jallianwala Bagh massacre take place in Amritsar?
Answer
13 April 1919.
Question
Which British General was responsible for the repression and firing at Jallianwala Bagh?
Answer
General Dyer.
Question
How did Rabindranath Tagore protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
Answer
He renounced his knighthood.
Question
What was the primary goal of the Khilafat Movement led by the Ali Brothers?
Answer
The preservation of the office of the Khalifa (Caliph) of Turkey.
Question
In Gandhiji's view, how was non-cooperation with an 'evil-doer' considered a duty?
Answer
Non-cooperation with evil is as much a duty as is cooperation with good.
Question
What does the term 'Swadeshi' mean in the context of the National Movement?
Answer
Producing necessary items in one's own country to avoid dependence on imported goods.
Question
Which tool did Mahatma Gandhi emphasise for manual labour and self-sufficiency?
Answer
The Charkha.
Question
The Moplas rebellion in Malabar took a communal character when they killed members of which community?
Answer
Hindus.
Question
On what date did the Chauri Chaura tragedy occur?
Answer
5 February 1922.
Question
How many policemen were killed by the mob during the Chauri Chaura incident?
Answer
22 policemen.
Question
Why did Mahatma Gandhi withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922?
Answer
Because of the violent incidents at Chauri Chaura.
Question
Which leader described the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement as a 'national calamity'?
Answer
Subhas Chandra Bose.
Question
What were the three components of the constructive programmes suggested by Gandhiji after suspending the movement?
Answer
Removal of untouchability, Hindu-Muslim unity, and popularisation of Swadeshi and Khadi.
Question
In the Nagpur session of 1920, the Congress Working Committee was established with how many members?
Answer
15 members.
Question
What was the annual membership fee set for the Congress at the Nagpur session to reach rural areas?
Answer
Four annas.
Question
Why was the Simon Commission boycotted by all Indian political parties in 1927?
Answer
It was composed of seven British members of Parliament and had no Indian member.
Question
Which Indian leader died as a result of police lathi blows during a demonstration against the Simon Commission?
Answer
Lala Lajpat Rai.
Question
Who was the chairman of the committee that submitted the Nehru Report in 1928?
Answer
Motilal Nehru.
Question
What constitutional status did the Nehru Report propose for India?
Answer
Dominion Status.
Question
During which session did the Congress declare 'Poorna Swaraj' (Complete Independence) as its objective?
Answer
The Lahore Session of 1929.
Question
Who presided over the historic Lahore Session of the Congress in 1929?
Answer
Jawaharlal Nehru.
Question
What was the significance of 26 January 1930 in the Indian National Movement?
Answer
It was celebrated as the first Independence Day across the country.
Question
On what date did Mahatma Gandhi begin his historic Dandi March?
Answer
12 March 1930.
Question
Where did the Dandi March originate?
Answer
Sabarmati Ashram.
Question
How did Mahatma Gandhi symbolically violate the Salt Law at Dandi on 6 April 1930?
Answer
By picking up some salt left by the sea waves.
Question
Why did Gandhiji specifically choose to attack the Salt Laws as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Answer
The salt-tax affected all sections of society, especially the poor.
Question
Which leader, known as 'The Frontier Gandhi', led the Civil Disobedience Movement in the North-West?
Answer
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.
Question
What was the name of the society of 'Servants of God' organised by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan?
Answer
Khudai Khidmatgars.
Question
Which 13-year-old girl led the revolt against British rule in Nagaland during the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Answer
Rani Gaidilieu.
Question
Which major political party boycotted the First Round Table Conference in 1930?
Answer
The Indian National Congress.
Question
When was the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed?
Answer
March 1931.
Question
As per the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, which prisoners did the government agree to release?
Answer
All political prisoners, except those guilty of violence.
Question
Who was the sole representative of the Congress at the Second Round Table Conference?
Answer
Mahatma Gandhi.
Question
What was the primary reason for the deadlock at the Second Round Table Conference?
Answer
The issue of separate electorates for minorities.
Question
Who announced the 'Communal Award' in 1932?
Answer
Ramsay MacDonald.
Question
To which group did the Communal Award provide separate electorates that Gandhiji strongly opposed?
Answer
The Depressed Classes.
Question
What was the agreement reached between Gandhiji and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in September 1932?
Answer
The Poona Pact.
Question
Under the Poona Pact, how many seats were reserved for Depressed Classes in the Provincial legislatures?
Answer
148 seats.
Question
What was the main outcome of the Government of India Act 1935 regarding the provinces?
Answer
The introduction of Provincial Autonomy.
Question
Where was Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar born?
Answer
Mhow in Madhya Pradesh.
Question
Dr. Ambedkar obtained his first B.A. degree in which two subjects from Mumbai University?
Answer
Economics and Political Science.
Question
In which year did Dr. Ambedkar receive his PhD in Economics?
Answer
1927.
Question
Which organisation was formed by Dr. Ambedkar in 1924 to promote education and socio-economic improvement for Dalits?
Answer
Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha.
Question
Name one of the periodicals started by Dr. Ambedkar for the protection of Dalit rights.
Answer
Mook Nayak (or Bahishkrit Bharat / Equality Janta).
Question
Which committee did Dr. Ambedkar chair that was responsible for writing India's new Constitution?
Answer
The Constitution Drafting Committee.
Question
Which cabinet position did Dr. Ambedkar hold in independent India's first government?
Answer
Law Minister.
Question
To which religion did Dr. Ambedkar convert in October 1956?
Answer
Buddhism.
Question
What award was posthumously conferred upon Dr. B.R. Ambedkar?
Answer
The Bharat Ratna.