Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
From which Italian word is the term 'Fascism' derived?
Answer
The word 'fascio', meaning union or league.
Question
What ancient Roman symbol of power does the word 'Fascism' refer to?
Answer
The 'fasces', a bundle of sticks bound to an axe.
Question
According to the ancient Roman symbol 'fasces', what did the bundle of sticks symbolise?
Answer
Civic unity.
Question
According to the ancient Roman symbol 'fasces', what did the axe symbolise?
Answer
The authority of Roman officials to punish wrongdoers.
Question
In the context of the state, what is the core meaning of 'Fascism' regarding power?
Answer
Autocracy or dictatorship where power is vested in one man only.
Question
What was the official motto of the totalitarian regimes regarding the State?
Answer
Everything for the State, everything within the State and nothing outside the State.
Question
Fascism emerged as an intensely nationalist and anti-democratic movement to challenge the international _____ movement.
Answer
Communist.
Question
Why was there discontent in Italy regarding the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer
Italy failed to gain the expected territories of Turkey and Germany despite joining the Allies.
Question
Which specific territories did Italy receive under the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer
Southern Tyrol, Trentino, and the Coastal Regions of Dalmatia.
Question
How did the economic crisis after the First World War contribute to Fascism in Italy?
Answer
Heavy losses in life and property led to unemployment, ruined trade, and food shortages.
Question
Why did the introduction of democracy in Italy in 1919 lead to political instability?
Answer
Elections failed to give a clear majority to any single party.
Question
How many coalition governments were formed in Italy in the brief period of three years after 1919?
Answer
Six coalition governments.
Question
What was the 'class conflict' reason for the rise of Fascism in Italy?
Answer
Common people wanted a socio-economic revolution while aristocrats feared losing their privileges.
Question
How did the Russian Revolution of 1917 influence Italian politics?
Answer
It inspired Italian Communists to incite peasants to seize land and workers to capture factories.
Question
Why was the League of Nations considered a factor in the rise of Fascism?
Answer
The League failed to check the rise of dictatorships or maintain international peace.
Question
In the context of Italian Fascism, who was the charismatic leader that the people looked to for guidance?
Answer
Benito Mussolini.
Question
What measure did Mussolini take to stabilise the Italian economy regarding currency?
Answer
He took measures to stall the further devaluation of the Italian currency.
Question
How did Mussolini address the shortage of coal in Italy?
Answer
He set up hydroelectric power plants.
Question
What was Mussolini's approach to industrial relations between capitalists and workers?
Answer
He established various syndicates to improve relations between the two groups.
Question
Name three types of infrastructure built under Mussolini's public works programme.
Answer
Roads, bridges, canals, railways, schools, or hospitals.
Question
What was Mussolini's primary goal for Italian education?
Answer
To eradicate illiteracy by making elaborate provisions and setting up new schools.
Question
How did Mussolini enhance the military power of Italy?
Answer
He made military training compulsory and enhanced the naval power.
Question
Which 1929 agreement was signed between Mussolini and the Pope?
Answer
The Lateran Pact (Treaty of Lateran).
Question
Under the Lateran Pact, what status was given to Roman Catholicism in Italy?
Answer
It was recognised as the state religion.
Question
What was the primary objective of Mussolini's aggressive foreign policy?
Answer
To revive the past glories of the Roman Empire and make Italy a great nation.
Question
What happened to political parties other than the Fascist Party under Mussolini?
Answer
They were banned.
Question
How was the legal system modified under the Italian Fascist regime?
Answer
The Jury system was abolished and special courts were set up.
Question
Who was the German King forced to abdicate after the First World War?
Answer
Kaiser Wilhelm II.
Question
What was the name of the democratic republic established in Germany in 1919?
Answer
The Weimar Republic.
Question
How many Chancellors headed the 21 Ministries in Germany between 1919 and 1933?
Answer
Twelve Chancellors.
Question
What was Adolf Hitler's rank in the German army during the First World War?
Answer
Corporal.
Question
What was the original name of the party Hitler joined in Munich in 1919?
Answer
The German Workers' Party.
Question
What did Hitler rename the German Workers' Party to?
Answer
The National Socialist Party (or Nazi party).
Question
In the Nazi Party's private army, what was the function of the group wearing brown shirts?
Answer
To protect party members and break up meetings of opposition parties.
Question
In the Nazi Party's private army, what was the function of the group wearing black shirts?
Answer
To protect the party leaders.
Question
What is the English meaning of the title of Hitler's book, 'Mein Kampf'?
Answer
My Struggle.
Question
Who offered the Chancellorship to Hitler on 30 January 1933?
Answer
President Hindenburg.
Question
What designation did Hitler adopt after the death of President Hindenburg?
Answer
Führer (the Leader).
Question
Why did the German people feel humiliated by the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer
They were forced to sign a 'disgraceful treaty' and cede large chunks of territory.
Question
To which four countries did Germany have to cede territory after World War I?
Answer
France, Belgium, Poland, and Denmark.
Question
What was the limit set for the strength of the German army under the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer
One lakh ($100,000$).
Question
What was the total amount of war reparations imposed on Germany?
Answer
$33 billion.
Question
How did Hitler use the fear of Communism to gain support?
Answer
He warned that German Communists would become servants of Russian masters.
Question
By June 1931, to what amount had the debts on German farmers risen?
Answer
$300 million.
Question
How did Hitler win over the German Capitalists during the economic crisis?
Answer
He assured them that industries would not be nationalised.
Question
What did the Germans prefer over the 'democratic parliamentary system' according to the text?
Answer
A strong man who could restore past prestige and glory.
Question
According to Nazi anti-Semitic propaganda, who had conspired with the Allies during the war?
Answer
The Jews.
Question
What was the primary objective of Hitler's economic measures regarding unemployment?
Answer
To remove unemployment and make the nation self-sufficient.
Question
Which organisation was established by Hitler to control food production, pricing, and distribution?
Answer
A Food Corporation.
Question
What action did Hitler take regarding trade unions in Germany?
Answer
He dissolved them and placed workers under one union led by a Nazi leader.
Question
Why did Hitler start rearmament in violation of the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer
He believed nations could only become great by defeating others in war.
Question
What was the main objective of Hitler's foreign policy regarding the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer
To reject (repudiate) the treaty and stop paying the war indemnity.
Question
According to Hitler, what was the only remedy for Germany's foodstuff and raw material shortages?
Answer
The acquisition of 'greater living space' (territory).
Question
In 1934, Hitler entered into a ten-year non-aggression pact with which country?
Answer
Poland.
Question
Which two territories did Hitler reclaim from France?
Answer
Saar and Rhineland.
Question
Which country did Hitler annex by force in 1938?
Answer
Austria.
Question
Hitler's doctrine of racial supremacy presented Germans as the _____.
Answer
Master race.
Question
Which three groups did Hitler believe Germany needed to 'cleanse' itself of?
Answer
Jews, Christians, and Communists.
Question
What happened to anti-Nazi books and magazines under Hitler's rule?
Answer
They were consigned to fire.
Question
Name one similarity between the causes of Fascism and Nazism related to international treaties.
Answer
Discontent with or humiliation by the Treaty of Versailles.