Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
Into what sentiment did the feeling of nationalism transform during the latter half of the 19th century?
Answer
Extreme pride or aggressive nationalism.
Question
Term: Aggressive Nationalism
Answer
Definition: Love for one's own country combined with hatred for other countries.
Question
Which two provinces did France aim to recover from Germany in the early 20th century?
Answer
Alsace and Lorraine.
Question
Which territory did Italy desire to reclaim from Austria before the First World War?
Answer
Trentino Trieste.
Question
What was the expansionist objective of Serbian nationalists regarding fellow Slavs?
Answer
To unite all Slavs into a single, greater Balkan State.
Question
The state policy by which a powerful nation establishes political or economic control over another country is known as _____.
Answer
Imperialism
Question
What primary economic benefit did colonies provide to imperial nations?
Answer
Raw materials, cheap labour, and markets for finished products.
Question
Which 1870 conflict is cited as a primary reason for the start of the armaments race in Europe?
Answer
The Franco-Prussian War.
Question
Why did Germany begin building a powerful navy after the late 19th century?
Answer
To achieve naval parity with Britain and protect its colonies.
Question
Which German ship, built in 1912, was once the largest in the world?
Answer
The Imperator.
Question
For what purpose did the Germans deepen the Kiel Canal?
Answer
To allow battleships to enter its waters.
Question
Which three countries formed the Triple Alliance in 1882?
Answer
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
Question
Which three countries formed the Triple Entente in 1907?
Answer
Britain, France, and Russia.
Question
Under which dynasty was the Austro-Hungarian Empire ruled before the First World War?
Answer
The Hapsburg dynasty.
Question
What was the immediate cause of the First World War?
Answer
The Sarajevo Crisis (assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand).
Question
On what date was Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassinated?
Answer
28 June 1914.
Question
The _____ was the secret society of Serbian nationalists that organised the Sarajevo assassination.
Answer
Black Hand (or Union of Death)
Question
On what date did Austria declare war on Serbia, marking the start of the First World War?
Answer
28 July 1914.
Question
Why did Britain declare war on Germany on 4 August 1914?
Answer
Germany ignored an ultimatum to withdraw its troops from neutral Belgium.
Question
Which 1915 naval incident significantly roused anti-German feeling in the USA?
Answer
The sinking of the British ship Lusitania by German U-boats.
Question
In what year did the United States of America officially declare war on Germany?
Answer
1917
Question
Which 1914 battle is considered a turning point because it foiled German plans to crush France quickly?
Answer
The Battle of Marne.
Question
What military strategy involved soldiers living in deep, mud-filled ditches protected by machine guns?
Answer
Trench Warfare.
Question
What was the objective of the 'Policy of Blockade' during the war?
Answer
To prevent all goods, including food and raw materials, from entering enemy territory.
Question
Under whose leadership did the Bolshevik Government come to power in Russia in 1917?
Answer
Lenin
Question
Which 1918 treaty ended Russia's participation in the First World War?
Answer
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
Question
What event on 11 November 1918 effectively ended the fighting of the First World War?
Answer
The signing of the armistice.
Question
On what date was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
Answer
28 June 1919.
Question
Who were the three primary leaders that decided the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer
Woodrow Wilson, Lloyd George, and George Clemenceau.
Question
Woodrow Wilson's _____ served as the basis for the Treaty of Versailles negotiations.
Answer
Fourteen Points
Question
What was the total amount of war reparations Germany was required to pay under the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer
$33$ billion dollars.
Question
Which coal-rich German area was ceded to France for 15 years under the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer
The Saar valley.
Question
What happened to Germany's colonies in Africa and the Pacific after the war?
Answer
They were lost to the victorious Allies, such as Britain, France, and Japan.
Question
Under the Treaty of Versailles, the German Army was restricted to a force of _____ soldiers.
Answer
100,000
Question
Which two specific military technologies were banned for Germany by the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer
The Air Force and submarines.
Question
Under the Treaty of Versailles, the _____ area was to be demilitarised.
Answer
Rhine Valley
Question
Which city became a 'Free Port' in Polish territory as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer
Danzig
Question
What significant global economic event is attributed to the aftermath of the First World War?
Answer
The Great Economic Depression of 1929-30.
Question
Which three major ruling dynasties were destroyed as a result of the war?
Answer
The Romanov (Russia), Hohenzollern (Germany), and Hapsburg (Austria-Hungary).
Question
Which new independent state emerged to unite the South Slavs after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire?
Answer
Yugoslavia
Question
Name three of the independent states that emerged from the dissolution of the Russian Empire.
Answer
Finland, Estonia, Latvia, or Lithuania.
Question
What international organisation was established in 1920 to prevent future wars?
Answer
The League of Nations.
Question
Where was the headquarters of the League of Nations located?
Answer
Geneva, Switzerland.
Question
What was the primary political aim of the League of Nations regarding member states?
Answer
To preserve peace and guarantee the independence of all states.
Question
How were member states of the League of Nations supposed to handle mutual disputes?
Answer
Refer them to the League of Nations for a peaceful settlement.
Question
Which major world power played a key role in setting up the League of Nations but ultimately decided not to join?
Answer
The United States of America.
Question
Which two major countries were excluded from the League of Nations for many years after its formation?
Answer
Germany and the Soviet Union.
Question
What 1939 event marked the final failure and end of the League of Nations?
Answer
Hitler's aggression on Poland, which began World War II.
Question
Concept: Nation-State
Answer
Definition: A state whose national identity is based on a common language and traditions, such as France or Holland.
Question
What was the 'immediate impact' of the Sarajevo assassination?
Answer
Austria served an ultimatum to Serbia making eleven demands.
Question
The Allied Powers primarily consisted of Britain, France, Russia, and later the _____.
Answer
USA
Question
The Central Powers primarily consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the _____.
Answer
Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Question
Which German military technology was specifically used to sink British warships and merchant ships?
Answer
U-boats (submarines).
Question
In the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was forced to accept the 'War Guilt' clause, meaning it was declared _____.
Answer
Guilty of aggression.
Question
What was the fate of the Ottoman Empire rule after the First World War?
Answer
The rule of the Ottomans came to an end.
Question
Which treaty was signed between the Allies and Germany to end the war officially?
Answer
The Treaty of Versailles.
Question
Which country withdrew from the Triple Alliance in 1915 to join the war against Germany?
Answer
Italy
Question
What non-political functions was the League of Nations supposed to promote?
Answer
Cultural, social, and economic cooperation among member-states.
Question
Which battle resulted in the retreat of German forces 15 miles from Paris?
Answer
The Battle of Marne.
Question
Which country emerged as a dominant world power, surpassing Europe economically and militarily, after WWI?
Answer
The United States of America.