Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
What is the term for reporting exactly what someone said using their actual words within quotation marks?
Answer
Direct speech
Question
What is the term for reporting what was said without repeating the speaker's exact words?
Answer
Indirect speech (or reported speech)
Question
In direct speech, where are the speaker's words placed?
Answer
Inside inverted commas (quotation marks)
Question
Inside inverted commas in direct speech, the first letter of the sentence must be a _____.
Answer
Capital letter
Question
In direct speech, where are punctuation marks like full stops or question marks placed relative to the inverted commas?
Answer
Inside the inverted commas
Question
If a reporting verb (like 'said') comes before direct speech, what punctuation mark must follow it?
Answer
A comma
Question
When converting to indirect speech, what happens to the quotation marks?
Answer
They are removed.
Question
Which conjunction is commonly used to introduce an indirect statement?
Answer
That
Question
When converting to indirect speech, what usually happens to the main verb in the sentence?
Answer
It normally changes to a form of the past tense (backshifting).
Question
All types of sentences in direct speech are changed into _____ when converted to indirect speech.
Answer
Statements
Question
Under what condition does the tense NOT change when converting from direct to indirect speech?
Answer
When the reporting verb is in the present or future tense.
Question
Direct: Simple Present -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
Simple Past
Question
Direct: Present Continuous -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
Past Continuous
Question
Direct: Present Perfect -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
Past Perfect
Question
Direct: Simple Past -> Indirect: Simple Past or _____.
Answer
Past Perfect
Question
Direct: Past Continuous -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
Past Perfect Continuous
Question
If the direct speech is in the Past Perfect tense, how does it change in indirect speech?
Answer
There is no change in tense.
Question
If the direct speech is in the Past Perfect Continuous tense, how does it change in indirect speech?
Answer
There is no change in tense.
Question
How is the tense handled in indirect speech if the statement expresses a universal truth?
Answer
There is no change in tense (even if the reporting verb is in the past tense).
Question
If a speaker's statement remains true at the time of reporting, what happens to the tense in indirect speech?
Answer
The tense does not change.
Question
Direct: 'can' -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
Could
Question
Direct: 'may' -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
Might
Question
Direct: 'will' -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
Would
Question
Direct: 'shall' -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
Should
Question
How does the modal 'must' change in indirect speech according to the source material's 'no backshift' section?
Answer
It does not change.
Question
When changing to indirect speech, first-person pronouns usually change to the _____ person.
Answer
Third
Question
Under what condition does the first-person pronoun NOT change in indirect speech?
Answer
When the person reporting is the original speaker.
Question
How does the second-person pronoun change in indirect speech?
Answer
It changes to the first or third person depending on who is reporting the utterance.
Question
What is the rule for third-person pronouns when reporting speech?
Answer
They remain the same.
Question
In expressions of time and place, words showing nearness change to words expressing _____.
Answer
Distance
Question
Direct: 'this' -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
That
Question
Direct: 'these' -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
Those
Question
Direct: 'now' -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
Then
Question
Direct: 'today' -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
That day
Question
Direct: 'tonight' -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
That night
Question
Direct: 'here' -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
There
Question
Direct: 'tomorrow' -> Indirect: The next day or _____.
Answer
The following day
Question
Direct: 'yesterday' -> Indirect: The day before or _____.
Answer
The previous day
Question
Direct: 'last night' -> Indirect: The night before or _____.
Answer
The previous night
Question
Direct: 'ago' -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
Before
Question
Direct: 'next week' -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
The following week
Question
Direct: 'last year' -> Indirect: _____.
Answer
The previous year
Question
When should the reporting verb 'tell' (or 'told') be used instead of 'say'?
Answer
When the reporting verb is followed by the name or pronoun of the person being spoken to.
Question
What punctuation mark replaces the question mark in indirect questions?
Answer
The full stop
Question
When reporting yes/no questions, which two conjunctions can be used?
Answer
If or whether
Question
In reported Wh-questions, where is the question word placed?
Answer
Immediately after the reporting verb (or the name of the person being addressed).
Question
Between 'if' and 'whether', which is preferred in formal contexts?
Answer
Whether
Question
How are question tags handled when converting to indirect speech?
Answer
The words in the tag are not mentioned; instead, the meaning is conveyed using various forms like 'asked me if I agreed'.
Question
What form of the main verb is used when reporting commands and requests?
Answer
The infinitive form ($to$ + verb)
Question
Which reporting verbs are specifically used for commands or requests?
Answer
Ordered, commanded, shouted, demanded, or requested.
Question
In informal contexts like family, which reporting verb is preferred over 'order' or 'command' for imperatives?
Answer
Ask
Question
When reporting suggestions beginning with 'let', which reporting verb is used?
Answer
Suggested
Question
In a reported suggestion, which modal verb may be optionally added before the main verb?
Answer
Should
Question
What do exclamatory sentences change into when reported?
Answer
Statements
Question
List three reporting verbs used for wishes or exclamations.
Answer
Exclaimed, blamed, praised, cried out, applauded, regretted, wished, or desired.
Question
When using 'exclaimed' for exclamations, what additional expressions are often added?
Answer
Expressions for feelings, such as 'with fear', 'with joy', or 'with surprise'.
Question
Which conjunction is used to introduce a reported exclamatory sentence?
Answer
That
Question
Direct: 'Hurrah! We have won!' -> Indirect: The children shouted in _____ that they had won.
Answer
Excitement
Question
Direct: 'Ouch! I have sprained my ankle!' -> Indirect: Deepika exclaimed with _____ that she had sprained her ankle.
Answer
Pain
Question
When converting a direct question to an indirect statement, what happens to the word order?
Answer
The word order changes from question order to statement order (subject before verb).