Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
What is the collective name for the 16th-century religious movements aimed at reforming the Catholic Church?
Answer
The Reformation.
Question
During the Reformation, those who remained loyal to the Pope at Rome were known as _____.
Answer
Roman Catholics.
Question
What name was given to the Christians who broke away from the Church at Rome during the 16th century?
Answer
Protestants.
Question
Which three qualities characterised extreme forms of Protestantism like Calvinism and Puritanism?
Answer
Simplicity, strictness, and austerity.
Question
Why were the religious movements of the 16th century collectively termed the 'Reformation'?
Answer
They were aimed at reforming the then existing Church.
Question
In the early medieval period, who was the supreme authority over the entire hierarchical organisation of the Catholic Church?
Answer
The Pope.
Question
During which century did widespread dissatisfaction with Church practices begin to pave the way for the Reformation?
Answer
The 14th century.
Question
What was the 'Tithe' in the context of the medieval Church's income?
Answer
One-tenth of a person's income given to the Church.
Question
In addition to the Tithe, what was the name of the sum collected from the people to build St. Peter's Church?
Answer
Peter's Pence.
Question
Which Pope issued 'Indulgences' to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter's Church?
Answer
Pope Leo X.
Question
Term: Indulgences
Answer
Definition: Pardon certificates sold by the Church to remit punishments for sins in life and after death.
Question
Before the use of Indulgences, what did priests normally impose on a person who had sinned?
Answer
A penance, special service, or pilgrimage to a holy place.
Question
What term describes the practice of giving Church offices to the highest bidder?
Answer
Simony.
Question
According to the source, why did some clergy lack proper education and neglect their religious duties?
Answer
They lived in luxury and suffered from moral decay.
Question
Who was the Dutch philosopher and humanist who exposed Church practices in his book 'In Praise of Folly'?
Answer
Desiderius Erasmus.
Question
What was the primary cause of conflict between European rulers and the Popes as early as the 13th century?
Answer
The royal right to tax Church property.
Question
Which French King forced Pope Clement V to relocate his headquarters from Rome to Avignon?
Answer
Philip IV.
Question
In 1536, King Henry VIII of England passed an Act for the dissolution of monasteries with an income of less than _____.
Answer
£200 a year.
Question
What was King Henry VIII's main financial motive for destroying the monastic system in England?
Answer
To acquire the wealth and property of the monasteries.
Question
Which English priest and Oxford professor criticised the worldliness of the Church and emphasised the Bible as the sole guide for salvation?
Answer
John Wycliffe.
Question
What action by the Church regarding John Wycliffe created significant dissatisfaction among scholars?
Answer
His expulsion from Oxford University.
Question
Who was the German priest whose challenge to Church abuses served as the immediate cause of the Reformation?
Answer
Martin Luther.
Question
Which league was formed by Martin Luther and several German princes during the religious conflicts in Germany?
Answer
The Schmalkaldic League.
Question
What 1555 treaty recognised Lutheranism as a legal form of Christianity in Germany?
Answer
The Peace of Augsburg.
Question
Following the Peace of Augsburg, which part of Germany generally accepted Lutheranism?
Answer
The Northern states.
Question
Following the Peace of Augsburg, which part of Germany remained loyal to the Catholic Church?
Answer
The Southern states.
Question
The movement within the Catholic Church to restore its credibility and introduce internal reforms is known as the _____.
Answer
Counter Reformation.
Question
Which Church Council was convened in 1545 by Pope Paul III to address Reformation challenges?
Answer
The Council of Trent.
Question
What was the Council of Trent's stance on the leading of an irresponsible religious life by the clergy?
Answer
It condemned such behavior.
Question
Whom did the Council of Trent regard as the final interpreter of Christian doctrine?
Answer
The Pope.
Question
What specific educational centres were established by the Council of Trent to train priests?
Answer
Seminaries.
Question
Regarding the practice of charging fees for religious services, what did the Council of Trent decide?
Answer
It forbade the Church from charging such fees.
Question
What language did the Council of Trent advocate for use in Church preaching?
Answer
The local language.
Question
Which religious order was founded by Ignatius Loyola as part of the Counter Reformation?
Answer
The Society of Jesus (Jesuits).
Question
At which university did the Spanish noble Ignatius Loyola study theology?
Answer
Sorbonne University.
Question
Which follower of Ignatius Loyola travelled to India and Japan to propagate Christianity?
Answer
Saint Francis Xavier.
Question
In which Indian city are the mortal remains of Saint Francis Xavier located?
Answer
Old Goa.
Question
What was the primary target of the 16th-century religious movements in the Church hierarchy?
Answer
The Pope.
Question
According to the source, what was the purpose of the books that were banned by the Council of Trent?
Answer
They contained ideas against Catholic teachings.
Question
Under the Counter Reformation, what was the primary goal of the Society of Jesus?
Answer
Restoring the credibility of the Roman Catholic Church and winning adherents.
Question
What was the name of the sum collected by the clergy for the 'peace of souls' and 'souls of the people who died long ago'?
Answer
Fees.
Question
Besides Scotland, in which country was Presbyterianism a prevalent form of Protestantism?
Answer
Czechoslovakia.
Question
How did the Council of Trent attempt to manage literature that challenged Catholic doctrines?
Answer
It banned books considered to have ideas against Catholic teachings.
Question
Which English monarch dissolved larger monasteries in 1539 following an Act of Parliament?
Answer
King Henry VIII.
Question
What was the name of the English priest who is mentioned as an early reformer before the open breach with Rome?
Answer
John Wycliffe.