Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
What is the definition of 'relief' in geography?
Answer
The actual configuration of land, including its altitude and slope.
Question
Name the three dimensions represented by relief features.
Answer
Length, breadth, and height.
Question
In relief representation, what are 'hachures'?
Answer
Short disconnected lines drawn in the direction of the slope.
Question
How do hachures indicate a steep slope compared to a gentle one?
Answer
The lines are drawn thick and close together for steep slopes.
Question
What is the primary limitation of using hachures on a map?
Answer
They provide an impression of the slope but not the actual height above sea level.
Question
Which method of relief representation uses 'light and shadow effect' to simulate illumination from a lamp?
Answer
Hill-shading
Question
What are 'form-lines'?
Answer
Broken contour lines that show the general pattern of terrain when accurate data is unavailable.
Question
Define 'contour lines'.
Answer
Imaginary lines joining places which have the same height above mean sea level.
Question
What specific colour is used to show contour lines on a map?
Answer
Brown
Question
How is the height of a specific contour indicated on the map?
Answer
By figures inserted in a break in the line.
Question
What is the 'Vertical Interval' (V.I.)?
Answer
The vertical distance between any two consecutive contour lines.
Question
For a $1:50,000$ Survey of India map, what is the standard contour interval?
Answer
20 metres
Question
Define 'Horizontal Equivalent' (H.E.).
Answer
The actual horizontal distance between two points on two different contour lines.
Question
What does 'gradient' determine regarding land?
Answer
The steepness of a slope.
Question
State the formula for calculating Gradient.
Answer
$Gradient = \frac{Vertical Interval}{Horizontal Equivalent}$
Question
Interpret a gradient of $1:5$.
Answer
There is a vertical rise of 1 unit for every 5 units of horizontal distance.
Question
What physical rule prevents contour lines of different heights from crossing each other?
Answer
A single point on the ground cannot have two different elevations at the same time.
Question
How do contours represent a cliff?
Answer
The contour lines come very close to each other or merge.
Question
In which direction does the V-shape of a contour line point when crossing a stream?
Answer
The opposite direction to the water flow (upstream).
Question
What is a 'Triangulated Height'?
Answer
A point whose height has been accurately surveyed and determined trigonometrically.
Question
How is a 'Spot Height' represented on a map?
Answer
By a dot followed by a number indicating height above mean sea level.
Question
In areas of steep slope, what does the letter 'r' represent?
Answer
Relative height or depth.
Question
If a dry tank is marked with '$3r$' inside, what does this indicate?
Answer
The top of the embankment is 3 metres above the surrounding ground.
Question
What is a 'Bench Mark' (BM)?
Answer
A mark etched on stone or a building indicating the accurate height determined by surveys.
Question
How does a Bench Mark differ from a Spot Height?
Answer
Bench Mark includes the height of the object it is on, while Spot Height only shows ground level.
Question
Describe the contour pattern for a 'steep slope'.
Answer
The contour lines are drawn very close to one another.
Question
Describe the contour pattern for a 'gentle slope'.
Answer
The contour lines are placed wide apart.
Question
How are the contours of a conical hill typically drawn?
Answer
Almost circular with values increasing towards the centre.
Question
What is a 'ridge'?
Answer
A long and narrow highland sloping steeply downwards on its sides, often having several summits.
Question
What is an 'escarpment'?
Answer
An abrupt, long, and regular steep face of a hill or plateau.
Question
In an escarpment, what is the 'scarp'?
Answer
The side of the landform with a steep slope.
Question
In an escarpment, what is the 'dip'?
Answer
The side of the landform with a gentle slope.
Question
What feature is formed by uneven erosional work of rocks resulting in a steep scarp and a gentle dip slope?
Answer
Cuesta
Question
Contrast the contour values of valleys and hills regarding their centre.
Answer
Valleys have values that decrease towards the centre, while hills have values that increase towards the centre.
Question
What defines a 'Gorge' or 'Canyon' on a map?
Answer
A deep, narrow valley with very closely spaced contours and a narrow V-shape.
Question
How is a 'U-Shaped Valley' typically formed?
Answer
By the action of glaciers.
Question
What is a 'Water Divide'?
Answer
A ridge separating tributaries draining towards one side from those draining towards another.
Question
Describe a 'Dendritic Drainage Pattern'.
Answer
A branching, tree-like drainage pattern generally found on flat lands.
Question
Describe a 'Trellised Drainage Pattern'.
Answer
A rectangular pattern with streams flowing parallel and joining at right angles.
Question
What drainage pattern is found where streams spread out in all directions like wheel spokes?
Answer
Radial Drainage Pattern
Question
What are 'disappearing streams'?
Answer
Rivers or streams that dry up or sink into the sand before reaching a larger water body.
Question
In the Survey of India maps, what does the term 'Nadi' mean?
Answer
River
Question
What is a 'Dak bungalow'?
Answer
A government-owned bungalow for travellers to stay for a short period.
Question
What does the colour 'Black' represent on a topographical map regarding grid lines?
Answer
Lines of latitude and longitude and their numbering.
Question
What do blue-coloured features on a map indicate?
Answer
Perennial water-related features like rivers and wells.
Question
What does the colour 'Yellow' indicate on a topo-sheet?
Answer
Cultivable lands.
Question
What does the colour 'White' indicate on a topo-sheet?
Answer
Rocky ground, badlands, or uncultivated land.
Question
Which map colour is used for man-made features like roads, buildings, and settlements?
Answer
Red
Question
What does 'dark green' specifically represent on a map?
Answer
Forests
Question
How are minor non-perennial streams shown on a map?
Answer
Black dotted lines.
Question
What does the symbol 'P.S.' stand for on a survey map?
Answer
Police Station
Question
What is the meaning of the Hindi term 'Piao'?
Answer
A place where drinking water is available, usually along roads or at railway stations.
Question
What does the symbol of a triangle with '$\Delta 200$' represent?
Answer
A triangulated station at a height of 200 metres.
Question
What is a 'Tahsil' or 'Taluk'?
Answer
Part of a district under a tehsildar who collects revenue.
Question
What is the primary purpose of a 'Nautical Chart'?
Answer
To provide hydrographic data for mariners to navigate open bodies of water safely.
Question
How is a perennial well distinguished from a dry well on a map?
Answer
A perennial well is shown in blue, while a dry well is shown in black.
Question
In the course of a river, where are 'flood plains' usually found?
Answer
The middle course.
Question
What river features are characteristic of the 'lower course'?
Answer
Gentle slopes and deltas.
Question
The symbol 'BM 63.3' indicates a _____.
Answer
Bench Mark at a height of 63.3 metres.
Question
On a map, what feature does a brown stippled (dotted) area represent?
Answer
Sand features like dunes.