Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
What type of receptors are sensitive to chemical substances and responsible for taste and smell?
Answer
Chemoreceptors
Question
The receptors present in the inner ear that are sensitive to sound and balance are called _____.
Answer
Phonoreceptors
Question
Which specific receptors in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature?
Answer
Thermoreceptors
Question
Mechanoreceptors in the skin are sensitive to stimuli such as touch, vibrations, and _____.
Answer
Pressure
Question
What are the light-sensitive receptors found in the retina of the eye?
Answer
Photoreceptors
Question
How many muscles are responsible for the rotation of each eye within its orbit?
Answer
$6$
Question
What is the primary function of the eyelashes?
Answer
To prevent larger particles from falling into the eye.
Question
Which gland is responsible for pouring secretions over the front surface of the eye to produce tears?
Answer
Lacrimal gland (Tear gland)
Question
What enzyme present in tears provides an antiseptic property by killing germs?
Answer
Lysozyme
Question
The duct that drains tear liquid from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity is the _____ duct.
Answer
Nasolacrimal
Question
What is the thin membrane that covers the entire front part of the eye and the inner lining of the eyelids?
Answer
Conjunctiva
Question
The transparent front portion of the sclerotic layer that bulges out is known as the _____.
Answer
Cornea
Question
What pigment in the choroid layer prevents light rays from reflecting and scattering inside the eye?
Answer
Melanin
Question
Which structure, formed by the expansion of the choroid at the front, contains smooth muscles to alter lens shape?
Answer
Ciliary body
Question
What is the circular opening in the centre of the iris called?
Answer
Pupil
Question
How does the iris respond to bright light to regulate light entry?
Answer
It constricts the pupil.
Question
Which type of retinal cells are sensitive to dim light but do not respond to colour?
Answer
Rods
Question
The light-sensitive pigment found in rods is called rhodopsin or _____.
Answer
Visual purple
Question
Which retinal cells are responsible for colour vision and are sensitive to bright light?
Answer
Cones
Question
What pigment is contained within the cone cells of the retina?
Answer
Iodopsin (Visual violet)
Question
What is the specific area of the retina that provides the brightest vision and maximum colour vision?
Answer
Yellow spot (Macula lutea)
Question
Why is the blind spot called the 'area of no vision'?
Answer
It contains no sensory cells (rods or cones).
Question
What is the point where the nerve fibres from the retina converge to leave the eyeball?
Answer
Optic nerve
Question
The lens is held in position by fibres called the _____.
Answer
Suspensory ligament
Question
Which chamber of the eye is located between the lens and the cornea?
Answer
Aqueous chamber
Question
What is the primary function of the vitreous humour regarding the shape of the eye?
Answer
It helps in keeping the shape of the eyeball.
Question
In the process of seeing, what type of image is formed on the retina?
Answer
Inverted and real
Question
The process of focusing the eye to see objects at different distances is known as _____.
Answer
Accommodation
Question
To view distant objects, do the ciliary muscles contract or relax?
Answer
Relax
Question
When focusing on near objects, what happens to the shape of the lens?
Answer
It becomes thicker and more rounded (convex).
Question
What occurs to the visual purple in the rods when moving from a dark room to a brightly lit area?
Answer
It is bleached (reducing sensitivity).
Question
Dark adaptation is partly due to the regeneration of which pigment?
Answer
Visual purple (Rhodopsin)
Question
Which eye defect results in distant objects appearing blurred because the image is formed in front of the retina?
Answer
Myopia (Short-sightedness)
Question
What type of lens is required to correct Myopia?
Answer
Concave (Diverging) lens
Question
Which condition is characterized by the image of a near object falling behind the retina?
Answer
Hyperopia (Long-sightedness)
Question
Hyperopia is corrected using a _____ lens.
Answer
Convex (Converging)
Question
What causes the blurred vision associated with astigmatism?
Answer
Uneven curvature of the cornea.
Question
Presbyopia is an age-related condition where the lens loses its _____.
Answer
Flexibility
Question
What eye condition involves the lens becoming opaque, leading to eventual blindness?
Answer
Cataract
Question
Night-blindness is often caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?
Answer
Vitamin A
Question
In which eye defect do the two eyes somewhat converge or diverge, often called 'cross eye'?
Answer
Squint
Question
What is the term for the ability of humans to perceive depth by simultaneous focusing of an object with both eyes?
Answer
Stereoscopic (Binocular) vision
Question
The phenomenon where the sensation of light persists for a short period after the stimulus is removed is called _____.
Answer
Persistence of image (After-image)
Question
What are the three main divisions of the human ear?
Answer
Outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear.
Question
What is the collective name for the three tiny bones in the middle ear?
Answer
Ear ossicles
Question
Name the three ear ossicles in order from the eardrum to the inner ear.
Answer
Malleus (hammer), Incus (anvil), and Stapes (stirrup).
Question
Which tube connects the cavity of the middle ear with the throat to equalise air pressure?
Answer
Eustachian tube
Question
The membrane-covered opening that connects the middle ear to the inner ear via the stirrup is the _____ window.
Answer
Oval
Question
Which spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear is responsible for hearing?
Answer
Cochlea
Question
What is the name of the fluid that fills the median canal of the cochlea?
Answer
Endolymph
Question
The actual sensory organ for hearing located within the cochlea is the Organ of _____.
Answer
Corti
Question
Which nerve transmits impulses from the cochlea to the brain?
Answer
Auditory nerve
Question
Which structures in the inner ear are responsible for maintaining dynamic balance?
Answer
Semicircular canals
Question
Static balance (with respect to gravity) is registered by sensory patches in the utriculus and _____.
Answer
Sacculus
Question
What is the swollen end of a semicircular canal that contains sensory cells for dynamic balance called?
Answer
Ampulla
Question
What is the human hearing range in terms of frequency?
Answer
$20$ to $20,000$ Hz
Question
Which ear ossicle is attached to the inner surface of the ear drum?
Answer
Malleus (hammer)
Question
The fluid found in the vestibular and tympanic canals of the cochlea is called _____.
Answer
Perilymph
Question
How does the vibrating stirrup transmit sound to the cochlea?
Answer
By vibrating the membrane of the oval window.