Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
How are internal forces operating in the earth's interior categorised due to their role in landform development?
Answer
Constructive Forces
Question
What term describes external forces that operate on the surface of the earth?
Answer
Exogenic forces
Question
In the context of physical geography, what does the Greek prefix 'exo' mean?
Answer
Outside
Question
From which celestial body do exogenic forces derive their primary energy?
Answer
The sun
Question
What is the primary driving agent for the various processes of denudation?
Answer
Climate
Question
Define 'weathering' in terms of rock disintegration and placement.
Answer
The process of breaking down rocks without their removal.
Question
Why do the footprints left by astronauts on the moon last for millions of years?
Answer
Weathering conditions like moisture and precipitation do not exist on the moon.
Question
Weathering is described as a _____ process because it involves disintegration in situ without removal.
Answer
static
Question
How does the permeability of a rock influence its weathering pattern?
Answer
It determines the ability of water to penetrate and disintegrate the rock.
Question
What are the three main types of weathering?
Answer
Physical, chemical, and biological weathering.
Question
What is the alternative name for Physical Weathering?
Answer
Mechanical Weathering
Question
Physical weathering involves rock disintegration without any change in the _____ constituents of the rock.
Answer
chemical
Question
In which specific environment is weathering due to temperature changes most rapid?
Answer
Hot deserts
Question
What process is characterised by the tension and splitting of rocks due to sudden temperature rises and falls?
Answer
Block disintegration
Question
Which type of physical weathering occurs when rocks made of different minerals reduce to pieces and fragments?
Answer
Granular disintegration
Question
What is the primary cause of 'frost action' in cold climates or high altitudes?
Answer
The expansion of water as it freezes in rock cracks.
Question
What is the name of the process where sudden temperature changes cause the outer layers of a rock to peel off?
Answer
Exfoliation
Question
How does chemical weathering lead to the decomposition of rocks?
Answer
Chemical reactions transform minerals into different chemical combinations.
Question
Which chemical weathering process involves the reaction of minerals with atmospheric oxygen?
Answer
Oxidation
Question
What colour changes typically occur in rocks containing iron compounds during oxidation?
Answer
They change to red, yellow, or brown.
Question
What chemical weathering process occurs when rainwater containing $CO_{2}$ reacts with rocks?
Answer
Carbonation
Question
Into what substance does carbonation convert calcium carbonate in rocks like limestone?
Answer
Calcium bicarbonate
Question
Which chemical weathering process is defined by the expansion of minerals upon contact with rainwater?
Answer
Hydration
Question
Into which substance is the mineral feldspar converted during the process of hydration?
Answer
Kaolin
Question
In chemical weathering, what is 'Solution'?
Answer
The process in which minerals in the rocks dissolve in water.
Question
What is the alternative name for Biological Weathering?
Answer
Organic Weathering
Question
How do human activities like mining and road construction contribute to physical weathering?
Answer
They cause the physical disintegration of rocks through mechanical force.
Question
How can vegetation prevent the disintegration of rocks?
Answer
It binds the surface layer and prevents the exposure of underlying rocks.
Question
In what way do burrowing animals like rabbits and worms facilitate physical weathering?
Answer
They loosen surface materials, making it easier for rocks to disintegrate.
Question
Why is chemical weathering more active in Equatorial climates?
Answer
Humidity and temperature are constantly high, promoting chemical reactions.
Question
Which type of soil is typically formed in Tropical climates due to the precipitation of iron and aluminium oxides?
Answer
Laterite soils
Question
Why is mechanical weathering most dominant in dry or desert climates?
Answer
There is a high diurnal (daily) range of temperature.
Question
What is the most powerful agent of weathering in mid-latitude or Temperate climates?
Answer
Frost action
Question
Recent studies suggest chemical weathering may be active in Polar regions because melting water contains more _____.
Answer
carbonic acid
Question
Why does melting water in polar regions have a higher capacity to dissolve carbon dioxide?
Answer
Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water at lower temperatures.
Question
How does mechanical weathering affect the vulnerability of a rock to chemical weathering?
Answer
It increases the surface area exposed to chemical agents.
Question
Which type of weathering results in the formation of entirely new minerals?
Answer
Chemical weathering
Question
What are the main agents of mechanical weathering?
Answer
Temperature and moisture.
Question
What are the primary agents involved in chemical weathering?
Answer
Water, oxygen, carbon, and organic acids.
Question
Weathering prepares rock materials for _____ by agents of gradation.
Answer
transportation
Question
Identify the weathering process: The sudden rise and fall of temperature causes expansion and contraction leading to splitting.
Answer
Block disintegration
Question
Identify the weathering process: Minerals like salts, rock-salt, and gypsum dissolve in rainwater.
Answer
Solution
Question
What biological agent promotes chemical weathering by releasing chemicals and acids upon death?
Answer
Decaying animals
Question
In Tropical climates, what specific weather pattern leads to a consistently high rate of evaporation?
Answer
A marked dry season and wet season.
Question
Why is weathering considered the basic process and an essential phase of denudation?
Answer
It provides the raw material that is later eroded and transported.