Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
Why do gases lack a definite shape or volume according to the kinetic theory?
Answer
Molecules are far apart and intermolecular forces are very weak.
Question
How does the intermolecular distance in gases compare to that in solids or liquids?
Answer
It is much larger in gases.
Question
According to the kinetic theory, what type of motion do gas molecules exhibit?
Answer
Random motion in straight lines.
Question
Why are gases highly compressible compared to solids and liquids?
Answer
The volume of particles is negligible compared to the large intermolecular distances.
Question
What causes gas pressure to be exerted on the walls of a container?
Answer
The impact of gas molecules striking the walls with high velocity.
Question
How is gas pressure distributed against the walls of a container?
Answer
It is exerted equally and uniformly in all directions.
Question
Why do gases have much lower densities than solids or liquids?
Answer
There are fewer molecules per unit volume due to large intermolecular distances.
Question
The tendency of gas molecules to mix and form a homogenous mixture is known as _____.
Answer
Diffusibility (or Miscibility)
Question
On what two factors does the speed of movement of diffusing gas molecules depend?
Answer
Mass and temperature of the gas.
Question
Temperature is a measure of the average _____ possessed by a molecule.
Answer
Kinetic energy
Question
How does an increase in temperature affect the kinetic energy of gas molecules?
Answer
The kinetic energy increases.
Question
What is the definition of gas pressure in terms of force and area?
Answer
The ratio of the force exerted on the walls to the total area of the container wall.
Question
The space occupied by a fixed mass of gas is defined as its _____.
Answer
Volume
Question
What formula is used to convert temperature from Celsius ($^\circ C$) to Kelvin ($K$)?
Answer
$K = ^\circ C + 273$
Question
What is the equivalent of $1\text{ atmosphere}$ of pressure in $cm\text{ Hg}$?
Answer
$76\text{ cm Hg}$
Question
How many $mm\text{ Hg}$ are equal to $1\text{ atmosphere}$ of pressure?
Answer
$760\text{ mm Hg}$
Question
What is the equivalent of $1\text{ torr}$ in $mm\text{ Hg}$?
Answer
$1\text{ mm Hg}$
Question
How many cubic decimetres ($dm^3$) are equal to $1\text{ Litre}$?
Answer
$1\text{ dm}^3$
Question
What is the volume in $ml$ of $1\text{ cm}^3$?
Answer
$1\text{ ml}$
Question
How many $cm^3$ make up $1\text{ Litre}$?
Answer
$1000\text{ cm}^3$
Question
Which parameter must remain constant for Boyle's Law to be applicable?
Answer
Temperature
Question
According to Boyle's Law, how is the volume of a fixed mass of dry gas related to its pressure?
Answer
It is inversely proportional ($V \propto \frac{1}{P}$).
Question
If the pressure of a gas is doubled at a constant temperature, what happens to its volume?
Answer
The volume is halved.
Question
What is the mathematical equation for Boyle's Law involving initial and final states?
Answer
$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$
Question
In a graph of Volume ($V$) against Pressure ($P$) for Boyle's Law, what is the resulting curve called?
Answer
A hyperbola.
Question
According to Boyle's Law, the product of volume and pressure for a given mass of dry gas is _____.
Answer
Constant ($PV = K$)
Question
Which scientist studied the experimental relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas?
Answer
Jacques Charles
Question
Which parameter must remain constant for Charles' Law to be applicable?
Answer
Pressure
Question
For every $1^\circ C$ rise in temperature, the volume of a gas at $0^\circ C$ increases by what fraction of its original volume?
Answer
$\frac{1}{273}$
Question
What temperature is defined as 'absolute zero'?
Answer
$-273^\circ C$ (or $0\text{ K}$)
Question
Why is absolute zero considered a theoretical concept?
Answer
Practically all gases liquefy or solidify before reaching this temperature.
Question
What is the theoretical volume of any gas at $-273^\circ C$?
Answer
$0\text{ cc}$
Question
The temperature scale that starts at $-273^\circ C$ is known as the _____ scale.
Answer
Absolute (or Kelvin)
Question
How is the volume of a fixed mass of dry gas related to its absolute temperature under constant pressure?
Answer
It is directly proportional ($V \propto T$).
Question
What is the mathematical equation for Charles' Law involving initial and final states?
Answer
$\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}$
Question
What is the Kelvin equivalent of $25^\circ C$?
Answer
$298\text{ K}$
Question
Why are all temperatures on the Kelvin scale represented as positive figures?
Answer
Because the scale starts at absolute zero ($0\text{ K}$), which is the lowest possible temperature.
Question
What symbol is used to indicate temperature on the Kelvin scale without a degree sign?
Answer
$T$
Question
The equation used to calculate volume changes when both pressure and temperature change simultaneously is the _____.
Answer
Gas Equation
Question
State the combined Gas Equation formula.
Answer
$\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}$
Question
According to kinetic theory, why does pressure decrease if the volume of a container is increased?
Answer
Molecules travel longer distances, decreasing the frequency of collisions with the walls.
Question
If the absolute temperature of a gas is doubled, what happens to the kinetic energy of its molecules?
Answer
It doubles.
Question
What is the standard value for temperature in $^\circ C$ at S.T.P.?
Answer
$0^\circ C$
Question
What is the standard value for temperature in Kelvin ($K$) at S.T.P.?
Answer
$273\text{ K}$
Question
What is the standard value for pressure in $mm\text{ Hg}$ at S.T.P.?
Answer
$760\text{ mm Hg}$
Question
What is the standard value for pressure in atmospheres ($atm$) at S.T.P.?
Answer
$1\text{ atm}$
Question
Why are gas volumes typically converted to S.T.P. conditions for comparison?
Answer
Gas volumes vary significantly with changes in temperature and pressure.
Question
If the volume of a gas is kept constant while absolute temperature is doubled, what happens to the pressure?
Answer
The pressure doubles.
Question
How many $ml$ are in $1\text{ dm}^3$?
Answer
$1000\text{ ml}$
Question
What is the value of absolute zero on the Kelvin scale?
Answer
$0\text{ K}$
Question
In the Gas Equation, what does the constant '$K$' represent?
Answer
The ratio $\frac{PV}{T}$ for a given mass of gas.
Question
Which state of matter has negligible intermolecular force of attraction?
Answer
Gases
Question
What happens to the volume of a fixed mass of gas if its temperature is decreased at constant pressure?
Answer
The volume decreases.
Question
A gas occupying $500\text{ ml}$ at $2\text{ atm}$ is compressed to $4\text{ atm}$ at constant $T$. What is its new volume?
Answer
$250\text{ ml}$
Question
A gas occupying $200\text{ ml}$ at $400\text{ K}$ is heated to $600\text{ K}$ at constant $P$. What is its new volume?
Answer
$300\text{ ml}$
Question
Under ordinary pressure, how does the volume of a solid or liquid change when converted to a gas?
Answer
It increases significantly.
Question
What does 'N.T.P.' stand for in the context of gas measurement?
Answer
Normal Temperature and Pressure
Question
If a gas is at $76\text{ cm Hg}$, what is its pressure in $torr$?
Answer
$760\text{ torr}$
Question
What is the Celsius equivalent of $310\text{ K}$?
Answer
$37^\circ C$
Question
What happens to the pressure on container walls if the frequency of molecular collisions increases?
Answer
The pressure increases.