Main Sectors of Indian Economy : Industry - Questions & Answers
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS1. The five year plans place a lot of emphasis on industrial development because
(a) Economists have found that poor nations can progress only if they have a good industrial sector.
(b) Industry provides employment which is more stable than the employment in agriculture.
(c) It promotes modernisation and overall prosperity.
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above
2. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Small scale industries generate more employment than large scale Industries.
(b) Small scale industries make use of local skills, talent and resources
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b)
3. Industrialisation can provide a base for rapid increase income. It is because that
(a) productivity rates are higher in industry than in agriculture
(b) industries mainly depend on man's effort while agriculture depends on the nature
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b)
4. It is important to set up more and more industries in India
(a) to absorb the surplus labour from agriculture
(b) to exploit all the available resources in the economy
(c) To supply farm machinery, chemical fertilizers and pesticides
(d) All the above
Ans: (d) All the above
5. Which of the following statements is/are true?
I. Deforestation leads to rise in temperature
II. Use of coal in industries causes water pollution
Alternatives :
(a) Only I
(b) Only II
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Ans: (a) Only I
6. An ecosystem consists of (c) Both (a) and (b).
(a) living things only
(b) non-living things only
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) neither (a) nor (b)
7. Industries pollute water because (b) they release all the pollutants to water.
(a) they use water in large quantities
(b) they release all the pollutants to water
(c) they don't use water
(d) None of these
8. Which one of the following is the cause of industrial pollution?
(a) Modern technologies
(b) Efficient waste disposal
(c) Unplanned industrial growth
(d) None of these
Ans: (c) Unplanned industrial growth
9. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) Wastes that result from different type of industries are called industrial wastes
(b) Industrialisation has increased the need for resources like coal and minerals
(c) Mining processes release harmful chemicals like mercury and cyanide
(d) None of the above
Ans: (d) None of the above
10. Mining releases (d) All of these.
(a) Dust
(b) Smoke
(c) CO2
(d) All of these
11. (d) All of these industries are based on forests.
(a) Paper
(b) Furniture
(c) Drugs
(d) All of these
12. Air pollution is NOT caused by (c) Food processing industries.
(a) Chemical plants
(b) Cement factories
(c) Food processing industries
(d) Sugar mills
13. Proper drainage system helps (d) All of these.
(a) to prevent floods
(b) to maintain clean and hygienic environment
(c) To collect the waste water for proper treatment
(d) All of these
14. Industrial activities result in deforestation because
(a) many industries are based on forests
(b) industries require lands reserved for agriculture and forests
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b)
15. Impact of urbanisation on the ecosystem (c) Both (a) and (b).
(a) encroachment of nearby agricultural land and forests to accommodate migrated population
(b) Slums and jhuggi clusters come up
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) neither (a) nor (b)
16. Impact of industrialisation on the eco-system
(a) overutilisation of natural resources
(b) Accumulation of wastes
(c) air pollution
(d) All of these
Ans: (d) All of these
17. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the secondary sector?
(a) Manufacturing
(b) Construction
(c) Extraction of raw materials
(d) Production of goods
Ans: (c) Extraction of raw materials
18. What is the main activity of the secondary sector?
(a) Providing services
(b) Manufacturing of goods
(c) Extraction of natural resources
(d) Distribution of goods
Ans: (b) Manufacturing of goods
19. The secondary sector is also known as:
(a) Service sector
(b) Industrial sector
(c) Agricultural sector
(d) Extractive sector
Ans: (b) Industrial sector
20. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the primary and secondary sectors?
(a) The primary sector provides raw materials to the secondary sector
(b) The secondary sector provides raw materials to the primary sector
(c) The two sectors are unrelated
(d) The secondary sector is dependent on the tertiary sector.
Ans: (a) The primary sector provides raw materials to the secondary sector
ASSERTION - REASONING & MATCHING BASED QUESTIONS
1. Read the following statements: Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below:
Assertion (A): Industrialisation leads to rapid increase in national income and per capita income.
Reason (R): It is because productivity levels are higher in industry than in agriculture.
Alternatives:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Ans: (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
2. Read the following statements: Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below:
Assertion (A): Coal industries and thermal power plants spread air pollution.
Reason (R): Deforestation leads to rise in temperature.
Alternatives:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Ans: (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
3. Identify the correct sequence of alternatives given in Column II by matching them with respective terms in Column I:
Column I: (A) Deforestation, (B) Urbansation, (C) Mining, (D) Dumping
Column II: (i) a process of growth of urban areas, (ii) Extraction of minerals, (iii) A method of disposing of waste, (iv) Removal of forest cover
Choose the correct alternative:
(a) A - (ii), B - (i), C - (iii), D - (ii)
(b) A - (i), B - (iv), C - (iii), D - (ii)
(c) A - (iv), B - (ii), C - (i), D - (iii)
(d) A - (iv), B - (i), C - (ii), D - (iii)
Ans: (d) A - (iv), B - (i), C - (ii), D - (iii)
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. What is industrialisation?
Ans: Industrialisation is a process in which different type of industries are established.
2. State two advantages of industrialisation.
Ans: (i) Huge amount of natural and human resources of the country can not be utilised without industrialisation.
(ii) Industrial development can become a major support to the agricultural sector of the economy.
3. What do you mean by degradation of land?
Ans: Degradation of land means loss of fertility (or loss of productivity) of land which occurs due to soil erosion and water logging.
4. Mention two causes of deforestation.
Ans: (i) It is caused by growing demand for wood and other forest products by the industries.
(ii) Industrialisation leads to urbanisation, which in turn leads to deforestation. Forests are cleared for human settlement.
5. Discuss briefly the impact of urbanisation on the ecosystem.
Ans: Urbanisation is the overgrowth of population in urban areas. It results in undue felling of trees, loss of agricultural land, stressed natural and energy resources, encroachment of water bodies and forest, defacement of land, pollution, etc. It puts stress on the resources like air, water, minerals and energy.
6. Name any two sources of air pollution.
Ans: (i) Poisonous gases emitted by industries, particularly by plastic and leather industries.
(ii) Smoke emitted by the industries using coal and petroleum products as sources of energy.
7. What are the different methods of disposal of waste? Name them.
Ans: The different methods of waste disposal are: (i) Segregation of Waste, (ii) Recycling, (iii) Incineration, (iv) Dumping, and (v) Composting.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Give four reasons why the development of industry is regarded as essential for economic development in India.
Ans: (i) Rapid increase in national income and per capita income would largely be possible through rapid industrialisation as industrial productivity is greater than agricultural productivity.
(ii) The increasing pressure on Indian agriculture could be reduced by shifting the surplus workforce to industries.
(iii) Industries provide agricultural machines, pesticides, insecticides, chemical fertilisers, etc., to agriculture.
(iv) Industrialisation is highly needed from nation's security point of view to cater to our defence needs.
2. Mention any four problems of industrial development India.
Ans: Four problems of industrial development in India are:
(i) Lack of Infrastructural facilities.
(ii) Poor performance of agricultural sector.
(iii) Gaps between targets and achievements.
(iv) Dearth of skilled and efficient personnel.
3. What do you mean by urbanisation? How is it causing environmental degradation?
Ans: Urbanisation is a process of migration of people from rural areas to urban areas. It causes environmental degradation in the following ways:
(a) Defacement of land: Clearing of land for housing, industries, construction of roads and dams led to the loss of biological diversity forever.
(b) Depletion of Water Resources: Due to extensive construction work, the local ground water has declined and the cities have to draw water from outside.
(c) Dwelling Units: More and more dwelling units are being constructed, which involves conversion of croplands and forest lands into urban settlements.
4. Mention various forms of pollution. How air pollution affects human health?
Ans: Pollution is mainly of three types: air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution.
Air pollution affects human health in the following ways:
• Immediate effects: Disorders of respiratory system.
• Delayed effects: Chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, asthma etc.
5. How soil pollution and radiation pollution affect human health?
Ans: Effects of Soil Pollution: As soil pollutants enter the food chain, they tend to accumulate in living tissues (biomagnification). Living, working or playing in contaminated soil can lead to respiratory diseases, skin diseases and other health problems.
Effects of Radiation Pollution: Radiation causes an increase in number of cancers and other disorders. It also causes genetic changes within the body, radiation sickness, and acute radiation syndrome.
6. What is segregation of waste? What are the various categories of waste based on it?
Ans: Waste segregation is the process of dividing the wastes with different categories into biodegradable wastes and non biodegradable wastes.
Based on this, the categories of waste are:
• Biodegradable wastes (e.g., food scraps, vegetables, fruit peels).
• Non-biodegradable wastes, which are further segregated into:
(i) Recyclable waste (plastics, paper, glass, metal, etc.).
(ii) Toxic waste (old medicines, paints, chemicals, etc.).
(iii) Hazardous / Soiled waste (hospital waste such as discarded syringe needles, bandages, etc.).
7. What are the various measures to save our ecosystem? Explain only three of them.
Ans: The various measures to save our ecosystem include Introduction of Eco-friendly Technologies, Disposal of Wastes, Treatment of Effluents before Discharge, and Abatement of Air Pollution.
Three of them are explained below:
(1) Introduction of Eco-friendly Technologies: Indigenous practices like the use of ponds for irrigation may be adopted to maintain underground water levels. Organic forms of manures should be used instead of chemical fertilisers, and renewable energy should be used to prevent pollution.
(2) Disposal of Wastes: Proper waste management is needed to check environmental pollution. It involves Segregation of Waste, Recycling, Incineration, Dumping, and Composting.
(3) Treatment of Effluents before Discharge: Effluents must be biologically detoxified before discharge. This involves Primary treatment (removing sludge), Secondary treatment (aeration of clear liquid), and Tertiary treatment (passing the liquid through clear quartz tube exposed to intense ultraviolet light to destroy pathogens).
QUESTION BANK
1. Define the term industrialisation.
Ans. Industrialisation is a process in which different type of industries are established.
2. Give one argument favouring industrialisation in India.
Ans. Industrialisation leads to rapid increase in national income and per capita income.
3. Explain any two problems of industrialisation.
Ans. (i) Gap between targets and achievements.
(ii) Under utilisation of capacity.
4. What is landscape?
Ans. A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its land forms and how they integrate with natural or man made features.
5. What is meant by environmental degradation?
Ans. Environmental degradation refers to the damage to the quantity and quality of natural resources.
6. What is meant by degradation of land?
Ans. Degradation of land means loss of fertility (or loss of productivity) of land which occurs due to soil erosion and water logging.
7. Discuss the importance of industries in India.
Ans. Importance of Industries
(i) Rapid increase in national income and per capita income would largely be possible through rapid industrialisation as industrial productivity is greater than agricultural productivity.
(ii) The increasing pressure on Indian agriculture could be reduced by shifting the surplus workforce to industries.
(iii) Industries provide agricultural machines, pesticides, insecticides, chemical fertilisers, etc., to agriculture.
8. Mention two adverse impacts of mining.
Ans. (i) Mining adversely affects the local lanscape and environment.
(ii) Different mines release different types of chemicals that pollute the water bodies.
9. Define deforestation. Mention two causes of deforestation in India.
Ans. (a) Definition : Deforestation refers to the removal or destruction of the forest cover of an area.
(b) Causes of Deforestation : Deforestation is caused by the following factors :
(i) It is caused by growing demand for wood and other forest products by the industries.
(ii) Industrialisation leads to urbanisation, which in turn leads to deforestation. Forests are cleared for human settlement.
10. Explain the impact of deforestation.
Ans. Deforestation has produced the following adverse impacts :
(i) Decrease in the area of forest.
(ii) Failure in flood control.
(iii) Soil erosion.
11. What is 'particulate matter'?
Ans. Particulate matter (or suspended particulate matter) is microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in the atmosphere of the earth.
12. What is water pollution?
Ans. It is defined as addition of some substances like organic, inorganic, biological and radiological substances which degrades the quality of water so that it becomes health hazard and unfit for use.
13. What is air pollution?
Ans. Air pollution means the presence of such particulate matter and poisonous gases in the air that have adverse effect on human health and atmosphere.
14. State two causes of air pollution.
Ans. (i) Use of coal in industries and thermal power plants, and
(ii) Increase in the number of motor vehicles.
15. Mention two causes of water pollution.
Ans. (i) Pollution of water by domestic and human wastes.
(ii) Pollution by waste of chemical industries.
16. Mention one measure to control air pollution.
Ans. Promotion of cleaner fuels like CNG instead of petrol in running vehicles.
17. Discuss briefly the impact of urbanisation on the ecosystem.
Ans. • Urbanisation is the overgrowth of population in urban areas. It results in undue felling of trees, loss of agricultural land, stressed natural and energy resources, encroachment of water bodies and forest, defacement of land, pollution, etc.
• It puts stress on the resources like air, water, minerals and energy.
18. Explain the impact of industries on the ecosystem.
Ans. • Industries pose a threat to human health and environment.
• They cause water and soil pollution.
• It leads to degradation of land or soil, forests, biodiversity; depletion of resources; and excessive CO2 emissions contribute to green house effect or global warming.
19. What are the various sources of air pollution?
Ans. Various sources of air pollution are :
(i) Poisonous gases emitted by industries, particularly by plastic and leather industries.
(ii) Smoke emitted by the industries using coal and petroleum products as sources of energy.
(iii) Emissions of gases by the motor vehicles.
(iv) Fast growing chemical and petrochemical industries.
20. Mention the various sources of water pollution.
Ans. Various sources of water pollution are :
(i) Industrial wastes falling into the rivers.
(ii) Domestic sewerage falling into the rivers.
(iii) Agricultural run-off mixed with pesticides and insecticides which merges with the streams and rivers.
(iv) Thermal power houses discharging ash mixed with water.
(v) Ash of human bodies dropped in rivers as per Hindu customs.
21. How do thermal and hydro power plants cause adverse impact on environment?
Ans. • Thermal power emits large amount of carbon dioxide in environment and cause air and water pollution, land and environment degradation.
• Hydroelectric projects inundate forests and interfere with the natural flow of water in catchment areas and river basins.
22. Three measures to control air pollution.
Ans. (i) Public transport like use of Delhi Metro instead of private vehicles should be promoted.
(ii) The use of cleaner fuels in vehicles, like use of CNG instead of petrol and diesel should be promoted.
(iii) To reduce indoor air pollution, the use of LPG in households should be promoted.
23. Suggest some measures to reduce water pollutants.
Ans. (i) Control of quality of point sources.
(ii) Control of water quality of non-point sources through (a) Sedimentation, (b) Filtration, (c) Chemical treatment
24. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic?
Ans. • Aerobic means 'with air' and refers to the body producing energy with the use of oxygen.
• Anaerobic means 'without air' and refers to the body producing energy without oxygen.
25. What is the difference between landfill and composting as methods of waste disposal.
Ans. • Under landfill, the non-reusable and non-recyclable waste is spread in a thin layer in specific low lying lands or areas. And then a layer of soil is used to cover it back.
• Composting is natural process in which biodegradable materials are decomposed by microbes and converted into manure.
26. Describe briefly the impacts of industrial practices on the ecosystem.
Ans. Almost all the economists believe that industrialisation is essential for the economic development of any country. At the same time and on the negative side, industrial practices adversely affect the ecosystem. Some of these important impacts are explained below :
1. Impact of mining :
(a) Mining activities adversely affect the local landscape due to large-scale digging up process.
(b) Large amount of waste generated during the mining operations often contaminate the soil with toxic heavy metals and acids.
(c) Mining has considerable adverse impacts on environmental elements like air, water, land, soil.
2. Impact of urbanisation :
(a) The migration of people from rural areas to urban areas in search of employment and better living conditions have made the cities overcrowded thereby stressing all its limited resources like land, water, energy, transport services, etc.
(b) Urbanising raise the demand for more dwelling units, but at the same time more and more land for cultivation is required to feed so many mouths.
(c) Urbanisation leads to defacement of land.
3. Impact of Energy Generation : Today, India mainly relies on conventional sources of energy like coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydroelectric sources to generate electricity. All of these are exhaustible with the only exception of hydroelectricity. Without these energy sources, industrial production cannot be realised. But usage of each type of energy poses serious environmental threat.
(a) Mining of coal from the earth-crust does harm the environment. And its usage as a source of energy involves its burning. Burning of coal releases toxic and noxious fumes and gases causing air pollution.
(b) Petroleum exhausts produce gases like NO, NO2, that cause corrosion, attacks skin and lung congestion.
(c) Hydroelectric power is also not environmentally viable. Big dams submerge the agricultural lands and displace people.
4. Impact of Automobiles :
(a) Automobiles or vehicles alone are responsible for more than 80 percent of total air pollution in urban areas.
(b) Motor engines also give off burnt waste products.
27. What is recycling as a method of waste disposal?
Ans. Recycling is the process of converting waste products into new products to prevent energy usage and consumption of fresh raw-materials.