Quick Review Flashcards - Click to flip and test your knowledge!
Question
What is the greatest threat to our planet and the biggest reason for climate change, according to the text?
Answer
Global warming.
Question
Near which sea is the Yup'ik village of Newtok located?
Answer
The Bering Sea.
Question
What two environmental processes have increased in Newtok, causing the land to crumble and sink?
Answer
Thawing permafrost and erosion.
Question
What is the term for the process of ice or snow becoming liquid as a result of warming up?
Answer
Thawing.
Question
What is the term for a thick sublayer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year, occurring chiefly in polar regions?
Answer
Permafrost.
Question
Due to thawing permafrost, the community landfill in Newtok washed away and fuel storage tanks began leaning ____.
Answer
precariously
Question
What does the word 'precariously' mean?
Answer
In a way that is likely to fall or be damaged.
Question
What is the name of the new, freshly minted village the Yup'ik people are moving to?
Answer
Mertarvik.
Question
What does the term 'freshly minted' mean?
Answer
Newly created.
Question
What does the word 'transition' mean in the context of moving?
Answer
The process of moving from one place to another.
Question
The first group of residents to move to the new village of Mertarvik are described using what adjective?
Answer
Pioneering.
Question
What does the word 'pioneering' mean?
Answer
To be the first to do something.
Question
The Yup'ik people moving from Newtok to Mertarvik have become some of North America's earliest ____.
Answer
climate change transplants
Question
Until the early 20th century, what was the lifestyle of the Yup'ik people?
Answer
They were seasonally nomadic hunters.
Question
What animals did the Yup'ik traditionally hunt and gather berries and wild greens alongside?
Answer
Seals, moose, and musk oxen.
Question
What is the term for a large deer found in North America?
Answer
Moose.
Question
What is the term for a large animal of the cow family found in arctic regions?
Answer
Musk oxen.
Question
The Yup'ik community still maintains a ____ lifestyle, meaning they rely on nature for their livelihood.
Answer
subsistence
Question
What does 'subsistence' mean in the context of a lifestyle?
Answer
The minimum food and shelter necessary to support life.
Question
What effect has climate change had on the frozen ground that sits below the surface across millions of square miles of the far north?
Answer
It has started to thaw.
Question
The thawing of frozen ground causes roads and pipelines to do what?
Answer
Buckle.
Question
Thawing permafrost releases more ____, which drives global temperatures even higher.
Answer
greenhouse gases
Question
As sea ice ____, or decreases in size, storm surges are rushing up rivers.
Answer
dwindles
Question
How much land was the Ninglick river washing away per year at its worst?
Answer
As much as 83 feet per year.
Question
A study in the early 2000s showed that vast sections of Newtok could become part of the river as early as what year?
Answer
2027.
Question
What problem, particularly among infants, has been caused by the lack of proper sanitation in Newtok?
Answer
Health problems.
Question
In what year did the government finally agree to create the new village of Mertarvik on higher ground?
Answer
2003.
Question
What key infrastructure is being built in the new village of Mertarvik?
Answer
Roads, a community centre, a landfill, a power station, a water treatment plant, and a new school.
Question
Although about a third of the new homes in Mertarvik have electricity, they still lack access to what essential services?
Answer
Public water or sewer systems.
Question
In the quote 'We're moving, literally, in the calm between storms,' what do the 'storms' refer to?
Answer
Both literal weather storms and the emotional turmoil of the move.
Question
What is a major difficulty in the move from Newtok to Mertarvik regarding community and education?
Answer
The community will be split, with officials, teachers, and a principal at each site.
Question
A Newtok resident, Martha Kasaiuli, had her family home ____ last week.
Answer
demolished
Question
What does the word 'demolished' mean?
Answer
Pulled down a building.
Question
What term describes the extreme worry or distress people feel from being away from home or loved ones?
Answer
Separation anxiety.
Question
According to John, what is the 'small price to pay' for the safety and security the new village will provide?
Answer
Leaving some traditional hunting grounds.
Question
According to John, what is the Yup'ik people's greatest attribute?
Answer
Their ability to adapt.
Question
What does the word 'attribute' mean?
Answer
A quality or feature.
Question
One effect of global warming shown in the chart is thawing permafrost, which leads to unstable ground and the release of what?
Answer
More greenhouse gases.
Question
Besides thawing permafrost, what are two other major effects of global warming in Alaska mentioned in the chart?
Answer
Rising seas and accelerating river bank erosion.
Question
A phrase that does the work of a stand-alone noun or pronoun in a sentence is called a ____.
Answer
noun phrase
Question
In a noun phrase, what is the main word or headword?
Answer
A noun.
Question
In the noun phrase 'A group of young people', what is the headword?
Answer
group.
Question
In the noun phrase 'this new multi-storeyed building', what is the headword?
Answer
building.
Question
In the noun phrase 'A building, newly constructed, with eight floors and a roof garden', what is the headword?
Answer
building.
Question
What kind of clause can replace a noun and function as the subject or object of a sentence?
Answer
A noun clause.
Question
In the sentence 'One study showed that vast sections of the town could become part of the river,' what is the noun clause?
Answer
that vast sections of the town could become part of the river.
Question
What function does the noun clause serve in 'I wondered whether I should volunteer for the beach clean-up campaign'?
Answer
It is the object of the verb 'wondered'.
Question
In the sentence 'What was most striking was the sight of colourful kites flying everywhere,' what is the noun clause?
Answer
What was most striking.
Question
The adjective ____ is a synonym for unsafe or dangerous.
Answer
precarious
Question
Complete the sentence: 'Power tools can be ____ if used carelessly.'
Answer
dangerous
Question
Complete the sentence: 'Walking on ice can be ____.'
Answer
risky
Question
The word 'transplant' contains the prefix 'trans-', which means to move from one place and ____ in another.
Answer
fix
Question
What does the word 'transform' mean?
Answer
To make a change in shape or appearance.
Question
Some verbs, like 'help', can take an infinitive with or without what word?
Answer
to.
Question
In the sentence 'There is someone at the door,' is the word 'is' pronounced in its strong or weak form?
Answer
Weak form.
Question
In the sentence 'There you are!', is the word 'are' pronounced in its strong or weak form?
Answer
Strong form.
Question
Words like 'there', 'is', 'at', 'can', 'was', and 'for' have weak forms that are made quite short and strong forms that are pronounced fully with ____.
Answer
stress